Molecular design software is software deals with molecular modeling, that provides special support for developing molecular models de novo. In contrast to the usual molecular modeling programs such as the molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry programs, such software directly supports the aspects related to the construction of molecular models: Molecular graphics interactive molecular drawing and conformational editing building of polymeric molecules, crystals and solvated systems partial charges development geometry optimization support for the different aspects of Force Field development

HERBAL medicine is still the mainstay of about 75-80% of the world population, mainly in the developing countries, for primary health care because of better cultural acceptability, better compatibility with the human body and lesser side effects. However, the last few years have seen a major increase in their use in the developed world. In Germany and France, many herbs and herbal extracts are used as prescription drugs and their sales in the countries of European Union were around $ 6 billion in 1991 and may be over $ 20 billion now. In USA, herbal drugs are currently sold in health food stores with a turnover of about $ 4 billion in 1996 which is anticipated to double by the turn of the century1. In India, the herbal drug market is about $ one billion and the export of plant-based crude drugs is around $ 80 million2 . Herbal medicines also find market as nutraceuticals (health foods) whose current market is estimated at about $ 80-250 billion in USA and also in Europe.

A generic drug (generic drugs, short: generics) is a drug which is produced and distributed without patent protection. The generic drug may still have a patent on the formulation but not on the active ingredient. A generic must contain the same active ingredients as the original formulation. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), generic drugs are identical or bioequivalent to the brand name counterpart with respect to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. By extension, therefore, generics are identical in dose, strength, route of administration, safety, efficacy, and intended use. In most cases, generic products are available once the patent protections afforded to the original developer have expired. When generic products become available, the market competition often leads to substantially lower prices for both the original brand name product and the generic forms. The time it takes a generic drug to appear on the market varies.

Tablet is the most popular among all dosage forms existing today because of its convenience of self administration, compactness and easy manufacturing; however hand tremors, dysphasia in case of geriatric patients, the underdeveloped muscular and nervous systems in young individuals and h case of uncooperative patients, the problem of swallowing is common phenomenon which leads to poor patient compliance To overcome these drawbacks, mouth dissolving tablets (MDT) or orally disintegrating tablets; (ODT) has emerged as alternative oral dosage forms. These are novel types; of tablets that disintegrate/dissolve/ disperse in saliva within few seconds'. According to European Pharmacopoeia, the ODT should disperse/disintegrate in less than three minutes. The basic approach used in development of MDT is the use of superdisintegrants like Cross linked carboxymelhylcellulose (Croscarmeliose), Sodium starch glycol ate (Primogel, Explotab). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Polyplasdone) etc. which provide instantaneous disintegration of tablet after putting on tongue, thereby releasing the drug in saliva.

Information technology provides several databases, data analysis tools, and knowledge extraction techniques in almost every facet of life. In pharmaceutical sciences, several successful attempts are being made under the umbrella of pharmacoinformatics (synonymously referred to as pharmainformatics).Chemoinformatics and bioinformatics contribute directly to drug discovery through virtual screening. Topics like neuroinformatics, immunoinformatics, vaccine informatics, and biosystem informatics contribute indirectly by providing necessary inputs for pharmaceutical design in this area. Topics like metabolomics, toxicoinformatics, and ADME informatics arecontributing to this fi eld by providing information regarding the fate of a NCE/lead in vitro and in vivo conditions.The integration of back - end technologies (for storing and representing chemical structure and chemical libraries) and front - end technologies opportunities in chemoinformatics.

The calibration system provides accurate results with a minimum of effort. However, a poorly constructed system can waste valuable instrument and analyst time, and result in poor quality data. This book will provide a complete set of instructions on how to set up and evaluate any analytical system, and equipments with an emphasis on providing the highest quality results with a minimum of effort. This book provides valuable and practical information that is not currently available from any other single reference source. Students/Research scholar will learn: The fundamentals of linear regression Different options for preparing data What calibration options are available Why the correlation coefficient is not a good measure of calibration quality Simple procedures and tests for evaluating calibration data