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The world population in 1930 was 2 billion. It reached 3 billion in
1960, stands at 4. 6 billion today, and is expected to reach 6
billion by the end of the century. The food and fiber needs of such
a rapidly increasing population are enormous. One of the most basic
resources, perhaps the most basic of all, for meeting those needs
is the Soil. There is an urgent need to improve and protect this
resource on which the future of mankind directly depends. We must
not only learn how to use the soil to furnish our immediate needs,
but also ensure that the ability of the soil to sustain food
production in the future is unimpaired. This is indeed a mammoth
task; a 1977 United Nations survey reported that almost one-fifth
of the world's cropland is now being steadily degraded. The
diversity of soil makes it necessary for research to be conducted
in many locations. There are basic principles, however, that are
universal. This series, Advances in Soil Science, presents clear
and concise reviews in all areas of soil science for everyone
interested in this basic resource and man's influence on it. The
purpose of series is to provide a forum for leading scientists to
analyze and summarize the available scientific information on a
subject, assessing its importance and identifying additional
research needs. But most importantly, the contributors will develop
principles that have practical applications to both developing and
developed agricultures.
There are many factors that environmental scientists should
consider in their research. Weather and climate vary widely between
locations, soil varies at every spatial scale at which it is
examined, and even man-made attributes, such as the distribution of
pollution, fluctuate significantly. To analyse the varied kinds of
data and to predict at unvisited places from them, research
scientists need to be familiar with the techniques of
Geostatistics.
This revised and fully updated second edition of "Geostatistics
for Environmental Scientists" provides comprehensive coverage of
the techniques involved in this vital branch of statistics. The
book
introduces readers to the most up-to-date statistical
techniques, including, sampling, data screening, spatial
covariances, the variogram and its modelling; includes a new
chapter on stochastic simulation, and covers the latest methods,
such as residual maximum likelihood and factorial kriging analysis;
adopts a practical approach throughout, illustrating the
applications with worked examples and case studies; provides
step-by-step guidance for analysing environmental survey data;
explains the underlying theory and rationale behind the choices
faced by the researchers at each stage, allowing the reader to
appreciate the assumptions and constraints involved.
The accessible style of "Geostatistics for Environmental
Scientists, Second Edition" makes this text invaluable to advanced
undergraduate and graduate students of spatial variation and
environmental research.
The Textbook of Influenza is a comprehensive resource covering all
aspects of influenza, from the genetic and molecular biology of the
virus through to clinical aspects of the disease and the latest
drug developments and treatments. This new edition has been
completely revised and reflects the integration of disciplines
concerning the emergence, evolution, pathogenesis and control of
influenza viruses in the field of human and veterinary public
health. Textbook of Influenza examines the lessons learnt from the
latest pandemic and provides the current state of knowledge for
many yet unresolved issues related to virus origin, spread,
pathogenesis and disease severity to better prepare for future
pandemics. It covers the background to recent advances in influenza
genomics and reverse genetics which have allowed the identification
of virus virulence factors and the analysis and reconstruction of
influenza viruses such as the 1918 Spanish flu strain. This new
edition is divided into eight key sections, containing chapters
co-written by international experts from both the clinical and
scientific communities, covering: Influenza Perspectives Structure
and Replication Evolution and Ecology Epidemiology and Surveillance
Immunology Vaccines and Vaccine Development Clinical Aspects and
Antivirals Public Health Textbook of Influenza is for all those
working in the area of influenza including clinical and basic
scientists, immunologists, molecular and structural virologists,
public health officials and global pandemic control planners.
This study examines how the Army's Officer Professional Management
System (OPMS) develops and manages company commanders. It examines
the development of OPMS XXI, the officer professional development
system for the twenty-first century, its purpose, and focus; how
this system ensures company grade officers acquire the knowledge,
skills, and attributes required to command at the company level and
how this system can be improved to ensure the captains commanding
the Army's companies are trained and prepared to meet the
challenges of today and in the future. Through a content analysis
of literature, exercise and operational trends, and doctrinal and
regulatory requirements, this thesis determines where OPMS XXI
falls short and suggests areas for improvement. The analysis
revealed that OPMS XXI, specifically its career field-based
management system, is focused on the development of the field-grade
officer operational and functional area specialist and not on
tactically and technically proficient company-grade officers. Yet
the foundation of the career field-base management system rests on
company grade officers fully developed in the technical and
tactical aspects of warfighting. It is recommended that a system be
developed and implemented to ensure company grade officers prior to
assuming command of a company-sized unit and designation of company
grade branch qualification meet specific, quantifiable
requirements.
This work explores the role of the e-moderator, taking account of
the skills required and the processes involved in creating and
teaching an online English as a Foreign Language (EFL) course. It
also details those theories which are applicable to online learning
and how they are represented through various models, thus creating
a framework to assist the e-moderation process. In particular,
Salmon's five-stage model (2004) is analysed to assess its
effectiveness in helping to prepare a new e-moderator to teach in
an online environment. Qualitative self-study research is conducted
involving an analysis of the e-moderator's reflective journal. This
method can be particularly insightful, uncovering the e-moderator's
beliefs, perceptions and challenges encountered throughout the
process. Thus, in-depth data is collected and used in evaluating an
approach to e-moderation. It reveals how Salmon's five-stage model
and others can be considerably helpful, although not sufficient in
themselves, for successful online teaching and learning. In this
regard, a critical appraisal and detailed analysis of Salmon's
model relating to this research is conducted to assess the skills
required to become a successful e-moderator. This research reveals
not only the complexities, problems, responsibilities and
challenges encountered but also the tremendous rewards that can be
reaped from the e-moderation process. Such research can
encouragingly provide other practitioners with a valuable insight
into the process and leads to recommendations for further research.
In conclusion, it is apparent that systematic frameworks such as
Salmon's five-stage model can be extremely useful for effective
scaffolding but on their own they are not sufficient to produce a
successful e-moderation process. It is suggested, therefore, that
additional support and continual encouragement should be provided
to motivate and engage students in both synchronous and
asynchronous interactions. Moreover, consideration
This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger
Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain
imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed
pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we
have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting,
preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger
Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and
hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!
Prescription opioids are dangerous in the hands of drug abusers,
but they are also beneficial or even lifesaving for millions of
people who otherwise would live with chronic pain. Clinicians who
prescribe opioids are often caught between their professional
obligation to relieve suffering and their desire to avoid
contributing to the nonmedical consumption of controlled
substances.
Neurotoxicity syndromes are neurologic disorders caused by exposure
to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous
application, or other method. This includes conditions caused by
biologic, chemical, and pharmaceutical agents. This book presents
the latest new research in this dynamic field.
The Musical Experience proposes a new concept - musical experience
- as the most effective framework for navigating the shifting
terrain of educational policy as it is applied to music education.
Other books that deal with music education reform often concentrate
on non-musical topics at the expense of music listening,
performance, and composition, or concentrate on only one of these
at the expense of the others. This book, however, works with
musical experience as a comprehensive framework for all aspects of
music education. The editors and their contributors define musical
experience as being characterized by the depth of affective and
emotional responses that music engenders, and illustrate that its
breadth is embodied in the infinite variety of meanings - both
personal and communal - that music evokes. The essays map out the
primary forms of musical engagement (performing, listening,
improvising, composing, etc.) as activities which play a key role
in classroom teaching. The chapters also address the cultural
dimensions of musical experience, which call for consideration of
time, place, beliefs, and values placed upon musical activities,
works, and genres. The book discusses how music teachers can most
effectively rely on means of musical communication to lead students
toward the development and refinement of musical skills,
understandings, and expression in educational settings. As a whole,
the book expands upon the dimensions of musical experience and
provides, from the forefront of the field, an integrated yet
panoramic view of the educational processes involved in music
teaching and learning.
This latest addition to the Long-Term Ecological Research Network
series gives an overarching account of the recovery and management
of a forest watershed ecosystem. It synthesizes and
cross-references important and rare-to find, long-term data in 14
chapters that deal with the hydrologic, biogeochemical, and
ecological processes of mixed deciduous forests. The data is
representative of the entire U.S., and shows the effects of
commercial clearcutting using examples from the Southeastern U.S.
and a range of East coast forests. It includes responses of both
forest and stream components of the watershed and provides unique
insights into the interrelationships between the effects of natural
disturbances (floods, droughts, insects, and disease, etc.) versus
management disturbances. Clearly illustrating the importance and
need for long-term research to evaluate recovery processes of
long-lived ecosystems, the work will serve academics,
professionals, and students seeking to understand more fully the
effects of forest-cutting on forest and stream ecosystems.
The MENC Handbook of Research on Music Learning, Volume 1:
Strategies brings together the best and most current research on
methods for music learning, focusing squarely on the profession's
empirical and conceptual knowledge of how students gain competence
in music at various ages and in different contexts. The collection
of chapters, written by the foremost figures active in the field,
takes a broad theoretical perspective on current, critical areas of
research, including music development, music listening and reading,
motivation and self-regulated learning in music, music perception,
and movement. The book's companion volume, Applications, builds an
extensive and solid position of practice upon the frameworks and
research presented here.
Throughout both volumes in this essential set, focus is placed on
the musical knowledge and musical skills needed to perform, create,
understand, reflect on, enjoy, value, and respond to music. A key
point of emphasis rests on the relationship between music learning
and finding meaning in music, and as music technology plays an
increasingly important role in learning today, chapters move beyond
exclusively formal classroom instruction into other forms of
systematic learning and informal instruction.
Either individually or paired with its companion Volume 2:
Applications, this indispensable overview of this growing area of
inquiry will appeal to students and scholars in Music Education, as
well as front-line music educators in the classroom.
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