The first part of this manual deals with the experimental and scientific basis and the principles of the AOjASIF method of stable internal fixation. It deals with the function and main use of the different AO implants, the use of the different AO instruments, and with the essentials of the operative technique and of postoperative care. It also discusses the handling of the most important postoperative complications. The second part deals at length with the AO recommendations for the operative treatment of the most common closed fractures in the adult. This has been organized in anatomical sequence. The discussion of the closed fractures is followed by a discus sion of open fractures in the adult, then by fractures in children and finally by pathological fractures. The third part presents, in a condensed fashion, the application of stable internal fixation to reconstructive bone surgery. 1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1 Aims and Fundamental Principles of the AO Method The Chief Aim of Fracture Treatment is the Full Recovery of the Injured Limb In every fracture there is a combination of damage to both the soft tissues and to bone. Immediately after the fracture and during the phase of repair, we see certain local circulatory disturbances, certain manifestations of local inflammation, as well as pain and reflex splinting. These three factors, that is, circulatory disturbances, inflammation and pain, when combined with the defunctioning of bone, joints and muscle, result in the so-called jl'acture disease.

1m allgemeinen Teil dieses Manuals sollen experimentelle und wissenschaftliche Grund lagen und Prinzipien der stabilen Osteosynthese nach der AO-Methode, Funktion und Hauptindikation der verschiedenen AO-Implantate, Handhabung des Standardin strumentariums der AO sowie einige wesentliche Gesichtspunkte der Operationstechnik und der Nachbehandlung dargestellt werden. Auch die Behandlung der wichtigsten postoperativen Komplikationen wird besprochen. 1m spe:: iellen Teil werden die von der AO befolgten Richtlinien fur die operative Behandlung der haufigsten geschlossenen Frakturen beim Erwachsenen nach anatomi schen Regionen eingehend erortert. Es folgen dann die Behandlung der offenen Fraktu ren beim Erwachsenen, der Frakturen bei Kindern und beim alten Menschen sowie der pathologischen Frakturen. In einem drittel1 Teil wird die Anwendung der stabilen Osteosynthese bei Wiederher stellungseingriffen am Knochen zusammenfassend dargestellt. R T IL LL MI 1 Ziele, Grundlagen und Prinzipien der AO-Technik Hauptziel jeglicher Knochenbruchbehandlung ist die Wiederherstellung der vol/en Funk tion der verletzten Extremitat. Jede Fraktur stellt eine Kombination von Weichteil-und Knochenschaden dar. Sofort nach der Fraktur und im Laufe der Reparationsvorgange treten lokale Zirkulationssto rungen, entziindliche Erscheinungen und Schmerz mit reflektorischer Immobilisierung auf. Diese drei Faktoren fiihren in Verbindung mit dem Ausfall funktioneller Beanspru chung von Knochen, Gelenken und Muskeln zur sog. Frakturkrankheit, d.h. chroni scher Odembildung, Atrophie der Weichteile, Knochenabbau (Osteoporose) und Ge lenksteifen. Jede Behandlung einer Fraktur muS deshalb sowohl den Bruch an sich als auch die damit in Verbindung stehenden lokalen Reaktionen des Organismus beriicksichtigen."

Chicago's 1933 world's fair set a new direction for international expositions. Earlier fairs had exhibited technological advances, but Chicago's fair organizers used the very idea of progress to buoy national optimism during the Depression's darkest years. Orchestrated by business leaders and engineers, almost all former military men, the fair reflected a business-military-engineering model that envisioned a promising future through science and technology's application to everyday life. Fair organizers, together with corporate leaders, believed that progress rides on the tide of technological innovation and consumerism. But not all those who struggled for a voice at Chicago's 1933 exposition had abandoned the traditional notions of progress that entailed social justice and equality, recognition of ethnic and gender-related accomplishments, and personal freedom and expression. The stark pronouncement of the fair's motto, "Science Finds, Industry Applies, Man Conforms," was challenged by iconoclasts such as Sally Rand, whose provocative fan dance became a persistent symbol of the fair, as well as a handful of others, including African Americans, ethnic populations and foreign nationals, groups of working women, and even well-heeled socialites. They all met obstacles but ultimately introduced personal, social definitions of "progress" and thereby influenced the ways the fair took shape. In this engaging social and cultural history, Cheryl R. Ganz examines Chicago's second world's fair through the lenses of technology, ethnicity, and gender. The book also features eighty-six photographs--nearly half of which are full color--of key locations, exhibits, and people, as well as authentic ticket stubs, postcards, pamphlets, posters, and other items. From fan dancers to fan belts, The 1933 Chicago World's Fair: A Century of Progress offers the compelling, untold stories of fair planners and participants who showcased education, industry, and entertainment to sell optimism during the depths of the Great Depression.