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Drastic changes of the societies in the new century require new
paradigm in every area of social science. Organizations study is
not exception. This book illustrates the cutting edge of
organizations study beyond the traditional approaches in management
science and general management theory. With an interdisciplinary
approach emphasizing systemic properties of organizations such as
interaction, hierarchy, network and emergence, it covers dynamic
aspects of organizational learning and evolution as well as the
decision making function and information processing process.
Drastic changes of the societies in the new century require new
paradigm in every area of social science. Organizations study is
not exception. This book illustrates the cutting edge of
organizations study beyond the traditional approaches in management
science and general management theory. With an interdisciplinary
approach emphasizing systemic properties of organizations such as
interaction, hierarchy, network and emergence, it covers dynamic
aspects of organizational learning and evolution as well as the
decision making function and information processing process.
The theory of Lie groups has proven to be a most powerful
analytical tool in many areas of modern scientific endeavors. It
was only a few years ago that economists discovered the usefulness
of this approach in their study of the frontiers of modern economic
theory. These frontiers include the areas of technical change and
productivity, technology and preference, economic conservation
laws, comparative statics and integrability conditions, index
number problems, and the general theory of ~ observable market
behavior (Sato [1980, 1981], Nono [1971], Sato and N~no [1983],
Russell [1983]). 1 In Nono [1971] and Sa to [1981, Chapter 4] the
concept of "G-neutral" (group neutral) technical change was first
introduced as a natural extension of the well-known concepts of
Hicks, Harrod, Solow and Sato-Beckmann-Rose neutrality. The present
monograph contains a further extension of the G-neutral technical
change to the case of non-constant-returns-to-scale technology and
to the case of multiple factor inputs. The methodology of total
productivity estimation by means of Lie group transformations is
also developed in this monograph. We would like to express our
sincere thanks to many individuals notably to Professor M. J.
Beckmann, Professor F. Mimura, Professor G. Suzawa, T. Mitchell, K.
Mino and P. Calem, for their numerous contributions at various
stages of this work. We are also grateful to Marion Wathey for her
usual superb typing of this difficult manuscript. Providence, R. I.
, U. S. A.
The essays in this volume were presented to Professor Isamu Yamada
in honor of his seventy-third birthday. In view of his many
professional contributions and associations, a single volume of
essays is really insufficient to house the works of all those who
wish to be part of a venture of this kind. Therefore, the editors
would like to apologize to those friends and well-wishers of
Professor Yamada who could not be accommodated in this volume. Born
in Nagoya in 1909, Professor Yamada began his brilliant career at
Nagoya Commercial College where he studied economics, statistics,
mathematics and physics. After serving as a Professor of Economics
and Statistics at Yokohama College between 1939-1940, Professor
Yamada moved to Hitotsubashi University in Tokyo, where he served
as a Professor of Econometrics until his retirement in 1973.
Currently, he is teaching at Asia University as a Professor of
Economics and Statistics. During his long tenure at Hitotsubashi
University (where Professor Ichiro Nakayama, a "Japanese
Schumpeter," served as President of the University), Professor
Yamada was instrumental in introducing several generation of
students to the methods of modern econometrics. One of the editors
(Ryuzo Sato) of this volume is a direct beneficiary of his lectures
on modern econometric techniques. In the 1950's, Professor Yamada
was one of several prominent Japanese economists who were selected
for study abroad. It was during this time, on a visit to the Cowles
Commission at the University of Chicago, that Professor Yamada met
the other editor of this volume.
This volume on the proceedings of a symposium on Resource
Allocation and Division of Space represents a revised interest in
the old problem of allocation and a fresh attack on the
increasingly vital problem of space management. The symposium was
held at the Toba International Hotel, near Nagoya, Japan in
December, 1975. Although the contributions included in this volume
are all broadly concerned with either resource allocation or
spatial problems, the editors have selected papers essentially on
the basis of scientific merits and orginality rather than on the
basis of narrowly focused topics and titles. The result is that all
of the papers included, ranging from growth, index number, space
density function, factor mobility, concentration and accumulation
between sectors and spaces, distributions, relationship between
spatial structure and organizational structure to the application
of Lie group to production functions, are of the highest quality.
It is the intention and belief of the editors that this collection
of wide ranging but highly original papers is a major contribution
to the advancement of economic science. The editors feel that a
symposium of this kind is worthwhile and should be held at regular
intervals. The list of contributions can be divided into two parts.
Part I, consisting of papers 1 through 9, deals in general with
allocation. Papers 10 through 13 compose Part II, which is
primarily concerned with spatial problems.
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