Solving the world's health challenges requires multidisciplinary collaborations that bring together the talents, experiences, resources, and ideas from multiple sectors. These collaborations in global health frequently occur through public?private partnerships (PPPs) in which public and private parties share risks, responsibilities, and decision-making processes with the objective of collectively and more effectively addressing a common goal. However, these numerous stakeholders bring varying strengths and resources to global health partnerships, but they also bring their own organizational cultures, regulations, and expectations. Managing partnerships among them is complex and requires intentional and thoughtful governance. Over the last several decades, as the number of interested stakeholders, resources invested, and initiatives launched within the global health field has grown, effective governance of global health PPPs has become increasingly critical. To explore the role of governance in PPPs for global health, the Forum on Public?Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety convened a workshop. Participants explored best practices, common challenges, and lessons learned in the varying approaches to partnership governance. They also highlighted key issues in the governance of PPPs for global health with the goal of increasing their effectiveness in improving health outcomes. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Global Health and Governance of PublicPrivate Partnerships in the Current Context 3 Legal Considerations for PublicPrivate Partnership Governance in Global Health 4 Examining Lessons Learned from the Development and Iterative Improvement of PublicPrivate Partnerships and Their Governance 5 Evaluating and Reporting on PublicPrivate Partnerships in Global Health 6 Identifying Key Issues in the Governance of PublicPrivate Partnerships in Global Health Appendix A: Commissioned Paper: The Core Roles of Transparency and Accountability in the Governance of Global Health PPPs Appendix B: World Caf Reports on Internal Governance of Individual Partners and Impacts on Approaches to PublicPrivate Partnerships Appendix C: Speaker and Moderator Biographical Sketches Appendix D: Workshop Agenda Appendix E: References

To explore how the use of technology can facilitate progress toward globally recognized health priorities, the Forum on Public?Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety organized a public workshop. Participants identified and explored the major challenges and opportunities for developing and implementing digital health strategies within the global, country, and local context, and framed the case for cross-sector and cross-industry collaboration, engagement, and investment in digital health strategies. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Digital Health Within the Current Global Context 3 Enabling a Multidisciplinary Approach to Health 4 Country-Level Digital Health Strategies 5 Push Versus Pull at the Community Level 6 Tapping into Grassroots Initiatives and Entrepreneurs 7 Final Thoughts Appendix A: References Appendix B: Workshop Agenda Appendix C: Speaker and Moderator Biographical Sketches

Over the past several decades, the public and private sectors made significant investments in global health, leading to meaningful changes for many of the world's poor. These investments and the resulting progress are often concentrated in vertical health programs, such as child and maternal health, malaria, and HIV, where donors may have a strategic interest. Frequently, partnerships between donors and other stakeholders can coalesce on a specific topical area of expertise and interest. However, to sustain these successes and continue progress, there is a growing recognition of the need to strengthen health systems more broadly and build functional administrative and technical infrastructure that can support health services for all, improve the health of populations, increase the purchasing and earning power of consumers and workers, and advance global security. In June 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in health systems strengthening. Participants examined a range of incentives, innovations, and opportunities for relevant sectors and stakeholders in strengthening health systems through partnerships; to explore lessons learned from pervious and ongoing efforts with the goal of illuminating how to improve performance and outcomes going forward; and to discuss measuring the value and outcomes of investments and documenting success in partnerships focused on health systems strengthening. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Setting the Context 3 Multistakeholder Perspectives on PublicPrivate Partnerships for Health Systems Strengthening 4 Promising Innovations and Models 5 Lessons from Partnership Experiences 6 Measuring Performance and Progress in PublicPrivate Partnerships for Health Systems Strengthening 7 Sustaining and Increasing Long-Term Investments in Health Systems References Appendix A: A Review of PublicPrivate Partnership Activities in Health System Strengthening Appendix B: Workshop Agenda Appendix C: Speaker Biographical Sketches

In September 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted at the United Nations Development Summit to serve as a 15-year plan of action for all countries and people. The SDGs include 17 specific goals, and 169 associated targets that set out quantitative objectives across the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development, all to be achieved by 2030. Health has been recognized as crucial for sustainable human development and an essential contributor to the economic growth of society. Beyond the goal to "ensure healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages," many of the other SDGs include targets that are essential to address the environmental and social determinants of health. Considering this context, the Forum on Public?Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety convened a workshop series to examine potential opportunities to engage the private sector and develop partnerships to advance health and the SDGs. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop series. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Health and Private-Sector Engagement in the Sustainable Development Goals 3 Public-Sector Strategies and Plans for Sustainable Development 4 Potential Strategies and Approaches for Private-Sector Engagement in the Sustainable Development Goals 5 The Enabling Environment for Effective Partnerships in Global Health and the Sustainable Development Goals 6 Several Lessons from Developing and Implementing Health-Focused Partnerships Appendix A: PublicPrivate Partnerships for the Sustainable Development Goals Appendix B: Part I Workshop Agenda Appendix C: Part II Workshop Agenda Appendix D: Speaker Biographical Sketches

Companies today are operating in a more complex and competitive environment where traditional models for doing business are no longer sufficient and expectations of business are growing both internally and externally. Many companies have long and robust histories of contributing to their communities as well as to more global societal needs, but this has been done primarily and historically through philanthropy and more traditional corporate social responsibility. However, companies are increasingly seeking greater alignment of these activities with their business interests in order to increase their value proposition. These same companies are also under increased pressure to build their business in a sustainable manner through innovative approaches. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to explore the concept of shared value for global health and safety stakeholders in both the public and private sectors; roles, responsibilities, incentives, and opportunities for different stakeholders engaging in global health and safety initiatives in low- and middle-income countries; and the potential of partnerships and collaboration for improved outcomes for all stakeholders, including the communities they serve. Participants considered potential opportunities for creating shared value for all organizations, specifically the creation and impact of shared value through an organization's core products and services, through employee health and wellness programs, and through community or population health investments. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Shared Value: Understanding Its Evolution and Opportunities to Improve Global Health 3 Linking Performance and Investments in Health 4 The Roles of Corporate Philanthropy, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Shared Value 5 The Journey to Shared Value 6 Impacts of Shared Value on Partnerships and Other Stakeholders 7 Measuring and Reporting Corporate Impact References Appendix A: Applying Shared Value Principles to Improve Global Health Appendix B: Workshop Agenda Appendix C: Speaker Biographical Sketches

Universal health coverage (UHC) has been recognized by the World Health Organization as a key element in reducing social inequality and a critical component of sustainable development and poverty reduction. In most of the world UHC is sought through a combination of public and private-sector health care systems. In most low- and middle-income countries health systems are evolving to increasingly rely on the private sector because the public sector lacks the infrastructure and staff to meet all health care needs. With growing individual assets available for private-sector expenditure, patients often seek better access to technology, staff, and medicines. However, in low-income countries nearly 50 percent of health care financing is out-of-pocket. With the expected increase in the overall fraction of care provided through the private sector, these expenditures can be financially catastrophic for individuals in the informal workforce. In the global workforce of approximately 3 billion people, only 10 to 15 percent are estimated to have some type of access to occupational health services. The informal workforce is growing worldwide, and the degree to which its occupational health needs are satisfied depends on the capabilities of the general health care system. In July 2014, the Institute of Medicine held a workshop on approaches to universal health coverage and occupational health and safety for informal sector workers in developing countries. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop. Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety for the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries identifies best practices and lessons learned for the informal workforce in developing countries in the financing of health care with respect to health care delivery models that are especially suitable to meeting a population's needs for a variety of occupational health issues, including the prevention of or mitigation of hazardous risks and the costs of providing medical and rehabilitation services and other benefits to various types of workers within this population. These experiences and lessons learned may be useful for stakeholders in moving the discussions, policies, and mechanisms forward to increase equitable access to quality health services without financial hardship for the informal workforce. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety Issues for the Informal Workforce 3 Mapping Solutions to Universal Health Coverage Inclusive of the Informal Workforce 4 Responding to Work-Related Health Needs of Informal Sector Workers 5 Select Country Experiences 6 Closing Remarks References Appendix A: Workshop Agenda Appendix B: Speaker Biographical Sketches

The Evidence for Violence Prevention Across the Lifespan and Around the World is the summary of a workshop convened in January 2013 by the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Global Violence Prevention to explore value and application of the evidence for violence prevention across the lifespan and around the world. As part of the Forum's mandate is to engage in multisectoral, multidirectional dialogue that explores crosscutting approaches to violence prevention, this workshop examined how existing evidence for violence prevention can continue to be expanded, disseminated, and implemented in ways that further the ultimate aims of improved individual well-being and safer communities. This report examines violence prevention interventions that have been proven to reduce different types of violence (e.g., child and elder abuse, intimate partner and sexual violence, youth and collective violence, and self-directed violence), identifies the common approaches most lacking in evidentiary support, and discusses ways that proven effective interventions can be integrated or otherwise linked with other prevention programs. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction Part I: Workshop Overview 2 The Need for Evidence 3 Generating and Integrating Evidence 4 Disseminating Evidence 5 Translating Evidence into Effective Action Part II: Papers and Commentary from Speakers II.1 Implementation and Scaling Violence Prevention Interventions--Dean Fixsen, Karen Blase, Melissa Van Dyke, and Allison Metz II.2 The Federal Role in Promoting Evidence-Based Violence Prevention Practices--Mary Lou Leary and Thomas P. Abt II.3 Evidence for Global Violence Prevention During Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood--Jennifer L. Matjasko and Sarah Bacon II.4 Can Interventions Reduce Recidivism and Revictimization Following Adult Intimate Partner Violence Incidents?--Christopher D. Maxwell and Amanda L. Robinson II.5 Integrating Evidence on Violence Prevention: An Introduction--Anthony Petrosino II.6 Making and Using Lists of Empirically Tested Programs: Value for Violence Interventions for Progress and Impact--Patrick H. Tolan References Appendixes Appendix A: Workshop Agenda Appendix B: Speaker Biographical Sketches

On June 13?14, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a multistakeholder workshop to examine the transitions affecting global health and innovative global health solutions. The goal of bringing these two topics together was to collectively explore models for innovative partnerships and private-sector engagement with the potential to support countries in transition. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Global Health Transitions 3 Setting the Stage for Sustainable Investments in Health 4 Several Models for Sustainable Partnerships and Private-Sector Engagement 5 Key Messages and the Way Forward Appendix A: References Appendix B: Workshop Agenda Appendix C: Speaker and Moderator Biographical Sketches

Elder Abuse and Its Prevention is the summary of a workshop convened in April 2013 by the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Global Violence Prevention. Using an ecological framework, this workshop explored the burden of elder abuse around the world, focusing on its impacts on individuals, families, communities, and societies. Additionally, the workshop addressed occurrences and co-occurrences of different types of abuse, including physical, sexual, emotional, and financial, as well as neglect. The ultimate objective was to illuminate promising global and multisectoral evidence-based approaches to the prevention of elder maltreatment. While the workshop covered scope and prevalence and unique characteristics of abuse, the intention was to move beyond what is known about elder abuse to foster discussions about how to improve prevention, intervention, and mitigation of the victims' needs, particularly through collaborative efforts. The workshop discussions included innovative intervention models and opportunities for prevention across sectors and settings. Violence and related forms of abuse against elders is a global public health and human rights problem with far-reaching consequences, resulting in increased death, disability, and exploitation with collateral effects on well-being. Data suggest that at least 10 percent of elders in the United States are victims of elder maltreatment every year. In low- and middle-income countries, where the burden of violence is the greatest, the figure is likely even higher. In addition, elders experiencing risk factors such as diminishing cognitive function, caregiver dependence, and social isolation are more vulnerable to maltreatment and underreporting. As the world population of adults aged 65 and older continues to grow, the implications of elder maltreatment for health care, social welfare, justice, and financial systems are great. However, despite the magnitude of global elder maltreatment, it has been an underappreciated public health problem. Elder Abuse and Its Prevention discusses the prevalence and characteristics of elder abuse around the world, risk factors for abuse and potential adverse health outcomes, and contextually specific factors, such as culture and the role of the community. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Measuring and Conceptualizing Elder Abuse 3 Risk Factors and Health Outcomes 4 Ethical Considerations 5 Screening and Prevention 6 The Way Forward Part II: Papers and Commentary from Speakers II.1 Understanding Elder Abuse in the Chinese Community: The Role of Cultural, Social, and Community Factors--E-Shien Chang and XinQi Dong II.2 Seven Policy Priorities for an Enhanced Public Health Response to Elder Abuse--Marie-Therese Connolly and Ariel Trilling II.3 Elder Neglect: The State of the Science--Terry T. Fulmer and XinQi Dong II.4 Native Elder Mistreatment--Lori L. Jervis II.5 Elder Financial Abuse--Ronald Long II.6 Elder Abuse and Its Prevention: Screening and Detection--Tara McMullen, Kimberly Schwartz, Mark Yaffe, and Scott Beach II.7 Elder Abuse and Neglect: A Role for Physicians--James G. O'Brien II.8 Preventing Elder Abuse - Hope Springs Eternal--Elizabeth Podnieks and Cynthia Thomas II.9 Elder Abuse Intervention: The Shelter Model and the Long-Term Care Facility--Daniel A. Reingold, Joy Solomon, and Malya Levin II.10 Elder Abuse in Asia - An Overview--Elsie Yan References Appendixes Appendix A: Workshop Agenda Appendix B: Speaker Biographical Sketches

Every job can lead to stress. How people cope with that stress can be influenced by many factors. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) employs a diverse staff that includes emergency responders, border patrol agents, federal air marshals, and policy analysts. These employees may be exposed to traumatic situations and disturbing information as part of their jobs. DHS is concerned that long-term exposure to stressors may reduce individual resilience, negatively affect employees' well-being, and deteriorate the department's level of operation readiness. To explore DHS workforce resilience, the Institute of Medicine hosted two workshops in September and November 2011. The September workshop focused on DHS's operational and law enforcement personnel, while the November workshop concentrated on DHS policy and program personnel with top secret security clearances. The workshop brought together an array of experts from various fields including resilience research, occupation health psychology, and emergency response. Building a Resilient Workforce: Opportunities for the Department of Homeland Security: Workshop Summary: Defines workforce resilience and its benefits such as increased operational readiness and long-term cost savings for the specified population; Identifies work-related stressors faced by DHS workers, and gaps in current services and programs; Prioritizes key areas of concern; and Identifies innovative and effective worker resilience programs that could potentially serve as models for relevant components of the DHS workforce. The report presents highlights from more than 20 hours of presentations and discussions from the two workshops, as well as the agendas and a complete listing of the speakers, panelists, and planning committee members. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction and Overview 2 Overview of the Department of Homeland Security Resilience Issues and Programs 3 An Operational Definition of Resilience 4 Factors Influencing Workforce Effectiveness and Resilience 5 Resilience Programs and Interventions 6 Leveraging Existing Services and Programs to Support Resilience 7 Understanding Individual and Organizational Resilience and Performance Measures 8 Perspectives on Priorities and Next Steps Appendix A: Workforce Resiliency: A Workshop Series: Workshop Agenda Appendix B: Workforce Resiliency Programs: A Workshop Series: Planning Committee Biographies Appendix C: Speaker Biographies Appendix D: Standing Committee on Health Threats Resilience

Measuring the social and economic costs of violence can be difficult, and most estimates only consider direct economic effects, such as productivity loss or the use of health care services. Communities and societies feel the effects of violence through loss of social cohesion, financial divestment, and the increased burden on the healthcare and justice systems. Initial estimates show that early violence prevention intervention has economic benefits. The IOM Forum on Global Violence Prevention held a workshop to examine the successes and challenges of calculating direct and indirect costs of violence, as well as the potential cost-effectiveness of intervention.