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This is a study of higher education in the world's four largest
developing economies--Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Already
important players globally, by mid-century, they are likely to be
economic powerhouses. But whether they reach that level of
development will depend in part on how successfully they create
quality higher education that puts their labor forces at the
cutting edge of the information society.
Using an empirical, comparative approach, this book develops a
broad picture of the higher education system in each country in the
context of both global and local forces. The authors offer insights
into how differing socioeconomic and historic patterns of change
and political contexts influence developments in higher education.
In asking why each state takes the approach that it does, this work
situates a discussion of university expansion and quality in the
context of governments' educational policies and reflects on the
larger struggles over social goals and the distribution of national
resources.
Prospects for Peace in South Asia addresses the largely hostile,
often violent relations between India and Pakistan that date from
their independence in 1947. The most persistent conflict between
the two neighboring countries over Kashmir has defied numerous
international attempts at resolution and entered its most dangerous
phase when both India and Pakistan became nuclear powers in 1998.
The struggle over Kashmir is enduringly rooted in national
identity, religion, and human rights. It has also influenced the
politicization of Pakistan's army, religious radicalism, and
nuclearization in both countries. This incisive volume analyzes
these forces, their impact on relations between the two countries,
and alternative roles the United States might play in resolving the
dispute. While acknowledging the risks, the book is optimistic
about peace in South Asia. The key argument is that many of the
domestic concerns (such as territorial integrity in both countries
and civilian-military rapprochment in Pakistan) that were fueling
the conflict have abated.
New Product Development (NPD) is about the ideation, formulation,
and implementation of new and superior solutions in the market.
Beyond the obvious need for organizations to innovate in order to
compete, embedded in any NPD program are knowledge, technological
expertise, and the social networks that convert these capabilities
into offerings that create value at every level-for customers,
industries, communities, and regions. This volume provides an array
of knowledge perspective in NPD across multiple levels of analysis
and geographic regions, including Europe, the United States, China,
Japan, and India, to explore the dynamics of NPD in today's global
environment. Presenting case studies from such industries as ICT
services, semiconductors, software development, bio-technology,
higher education, and even safety for children's toys, and drawing
from a variety of theoretical perspectives, including technology
and knowledge management, sociology, economic geography, and
organizational behavior, the authors highlight critical success and
failure factors in NPD. Among the topics covered: New product
development teams, including multi-functional and multi-site teams
De-localization and off-shoring of tasks and processes Individual
competencies and organizational capabilities University-industry
interactions, high-tech clusters, and technology transfer
Technology policy
New Product Development (NPD) is about the ideation, formulation,
and implementation of new and superior solutions in the market.
Beyond the obvious need for organizations to innovate in order to
compete, embedded in any NPD program are knowledge, technological
expertise, and the social networks that convert these capabilities
into offerings that create value at every level-for customers,
industries, communities, and regions. This volume provides an array
of knowledge perspective in NPD across multiple levels of analysis
and geographic regions, including Europe, the United States, China,
Japan, and India, to explore the dynamics of NPD in today's global
environment. Presenting case studies from such industries as ICT
services, semiconductors, software development, bio-technology,
higher education, and even safety for children's toys, and drawing
from a variety of theoretical perspectives, including technology
and knowledge management, sociology, economic geography, and
organizational behavior, the authors highlight critical success and
failure factors in NPD. Among the topics covered: New product
development teams, including multi-functional and multi-site teams
De-localization and off-shoring of tasks and processes Individual
competencies and organizational capabilities University-industry
interactions, high-tech clusters, and technology transfer
Technology policy
Prospects for Peace in South Asia addresses the largely hostile,
often violent relations between India and Pakistan that date from
their independence in 1947. The most persistent conflict between
the two neighboring countries over Kashmir has defied numerous
international attempts at resolution and entered its most dangerous
phase when both India and Pakistan became nuclear powers in 1998.
The struggle over Kashmir is enduringly rooted in national
identity, religion, and human rights. It has also influenced the
politicization of Pakistan's army, religious radicalism, and
nuclearization in both countries. This incisive volume analyzes
these forces, their impact on relations between the two countries,
and alternative roles the United States might play in resolving the
dispute. While acknowledging the risks, the book is optimistic
about peace in South Asia. The key argument is that many of the
domestic concerns (such as territorial integrity in both countries
and civilian-military rapprochment in Pakistan) that were fueling
the conflict have abated.
India has joined a worldwide trend in which nations are seeking to
improve the quality of their higher education systems by giving
greater autonomy and accountability to higher education
institutions. In this report, the authors review India's and other
countries' higher education systems and suggest seven policy
actions that the Indian national government and other stakeholders
can take to improve higher education by linking funding to quality.
Telecommunications reform in India is complete, according to
policymakers there. They have done everything correctly in their
efforts to transform a state-run monopoly into an independently
regulated sector in which private companies compete with
government-owned and operated providers. And yet, India lags behind
nations whose telecom sectors provided comparable levels of service
a decade ago. What went wrong? Dossani and his contributors argue
that the classic textbook solutions are insufficient to produce a
healthy telecom industry in India, which needs to improve
regulatory design, introduce competition in a single phase instead
of gradually, implement innovative funding models, and choose
appropriate technologies in order to improve access to universal
service. Containing valuable lessons for the telecommunications
industries in Mexico, Indonesia, the Philippines, and other
countries taking formerly state-run industries private, this book
constitutes a valuable resource for policymakers, regulators,
practitioners, scholars, and overseas investors.
Policymakers and regulators will learn that cookie-cutter
solutions derived from rich-country experience do not always work
in countries that are poor, yet democratic and pro-market.
Practitioners will be interested in the sections on universal
service, technology convergence, and the implications for reducing
costs and improving the quality of both basic telephone services
and IT-enabled services. In particular, Indian technology workers
in Silicon Valley should find this book indispensable. Investors
will gain valuable knowledge about this potentially huge market.
Scholars' preconceived ideas may be nudged aside as their knowledge
base is enhanced and their research agenda expanded. Whereas some
of the book's conclusions support current thinking, such as the
need to begin a sequence of reform with a regulatory system in
place and the need for dominant-carrier regulation, other
conclusions challenge the conventional wisdom. Contributors make a
cogent case for reformulating the balance of power between
regulators and policymakers, introducing competition at the local
level rather than through large franchises, and replacing public
subsidies with cross-subsidies of universal service. Provides a
multidisciplinary approach to understanding the problems of
telecommunications reform in all their complexity.
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