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The book compiles the latest studies on microorganisms thriving in
extreme conditions. Microbes have been found in extremely high and
low temperatures, highly acidic to saline conditions, from deserts
to the Dead sea, from hot-springs to underwater hydrothermal vents-
the diversity is incredible. The various chapters highlight the
microbial life and describe the mechanisms of tolerance to these
harsh conditions, and show how an understanding of these phenomena
can help us exploit the microbes in biotechnology. The theme of the
book is highly significant since life in these environments can
give vital clues about the origin and evolution of life on earth,
as a lot of these conditions simulate the environment present
billions of years ago. Additionally, the study of adaptation and
survival of organisms in such environments can be important for
finding life on other planets. This book shall be useful for
students, researchers and course instructors interested in
evolution, microbial adaptations and ecology in varied
environments.
The book compiles the latest studies on microorganisms thriving in
extreme conditions. Microbes have been found in extremely high and
low temperatures, highly acidic to saline conditions, from deserts
to the Dead sea, from hot-springs to underwater hydrothermal vents-
the diversity is incredible. The various chapters highlight the
microbial life and describe the mechanisms of tolerance to these
harsh conditions, and show how an understanding of these phenomena
can help us exploit the microbes in biotechnology. The theme of the
book is highly significant since life in these environments can
give vital clues about the origin and evolution of life on earth,
as a lot of these conditions simulate the environment present
billions of years ago. Additionally, the study of adaptation and
survival of organisms in such environments can be important for
finding life on other planets. This book shall be useful for
students, researchers and course instructors interested in
evolution, microbial adaptations and ecology in varied
environments.
Microbial Syntrophy-Mediated Eco-enterprising summarizes and
reviews possible microbial applications for eco-industrial
sustainability. The book emphasizes a wide spectrum of experimental
and theoretical contributions from eminent researchers in the
field. In 13 chapters, there is a focus on the microbial intrusions
for remediating sites by accumulated pesticides, heavy metals,
polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and other industrial effluents.
Moreover, the potentiality and key mechanisms used by
microorganisms for sustainable environmental management and their
prospects are also considered in this new release. The term
syntrophy for nutritional interdependence is often used in
microbiology to describe the symbiotic relationship between
bacterial species. Understanding such interactions can be of
considerable interest when we come to manipulate microbes to our
own benefit, such as by disrupting pathogenic communities with
antibiotics or by promoting efficiency in communities that produce
energy or break down waste.
The book overviews the complex interactions amongst the microbes
and their possible applications. Emphasis has been made to include
a wide spectrum of experimental and theoretical contributions from
eminent researchers in the field. Microbial communities are the
assemblages of microorganisms of various species which live
together in the same environment and continuously interact with
each other. The microbial cells in communities display unique
phenotypes that affect the survival and reproduction of other cells
present around them. These phenotypes constitute the social
adaptations that drive the interactions between microbial cells.
The interactions, further determine the productivity, stability and
the ability of community to resist the environmental perturbations.
These microbial communities live with extremely competitive niche
and fight for their survival and genetic persistence. But they
frequently appear in niche with multifaceted and interactive webs
rather than the planktonic nature. This can be within the same
species or with different species, or even with diverse genera and
families. It either a competitive winner community whereas the
"weaker" strain goes extinct or a competitor that coexist with
their metabolic secretory potentials or a separator that assigned
their own community territorial niches. Sometimes, it can be
neutral or tritagonist. These microbial associations within the
microbiome provides the foundation for diverse forms of microbial
ecology and determined the applied perspectives for agriculture,
clinical and industrial sectors. This book will be useful to
postgraduate students, researchers from academic as well as
industry working in the field of microbial exploration with keen
interest in survival factors and mechanism of their survival by
various ecological and functional strategies.
Microbial Essentialism: An Industrial Prospective refers to
properties specifically possessed by microbes such as secretion of
metabolites which make them unique and can be employed by
industries. These microorganisms can be commercially exploited for
beneficial purposes such as the production of whole microbial cells
or their products for direct use or as starting raw material in the
manufacture of other commercial products which can contribute to
large-scale and profit-oriented businesses. Microbial Essentialism:
An Industrial Prospective reviews the newest techniques,
approaches, and options in the use of microorganisms for the
manufacture of industrially important products such as
pharmaceuticals, industrial enzymes, chemicals, proteins, foods and
beverages, and fuels. It covers fundamental principles of
established and innovative industrial microbiology and
biotechnology processes and products. It also discusses industrial
microorganisms and the technology required for large-scale
cultivation and isolation of fermentation products.
Biogenic Sustainable Nanotechnology: Trends and Progress focuses on
the green synthesis of nanomaterials with various biological
systems, emphasizing the mechanisms of nanomaterial synthesis,
spectroscopic characterizations, and applications in a variety of
industrial sectors. Interest in developing eco-friendly, green,
cost-effective, and facile methods for nanomaterials synthesis is
rapidly growing. Green synthesis methods focus on a greener
environment, minimizing generated waste, and implementing
sustainable processes. As discussed in this book, green
nanostructured materials often include phytochemical agent
extracts, such as carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, proteins,
amino acids, chromone, steroids, phytol, and terpenoids. These
phytochemicals from plant extracts play a crucial role in improving
the reduction rate, size, and stabilization, by acting as good
reducers, surfactants, structure directors, and capping agents.
This book is an essential reference source for materials
scientists, bioengineers, and environmental scientists.
Erucic acid and glucosinolate are the two major deterrents,
respectively of oil and seed meal in oilseed brassica. Indian
mustard oil is inferior in quality as it contains high amount of
erucic acid (28.0-53.0%) and linolenic acid (8.5-22.7%) although it
also contains linoleic (12.0-21.0%) and oleic acid (10.0-24.0%)
which is nutritionally good. High erucic acid rapeseed oil (eg.
Brassica campestris var. yellow sarson) is a preferred cooking
medium for its pungency especially in the preparation of pickles,
vegetables and fish items etc. in eastern India. Glucosinolates
stay in the seed meal after extraction of oil and are broken down
by the enzyme myrosinase into bitter tasting, toxic and goitrogenic
compounds reducing the nutritive value and palatability of the meal
and inhibit functioning of the thyroid gland of live-stocks. Now a
days, the emphasis is to develop "double low" low erucic acid (
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