This issue of PET Clinics focuses on Special Techniques and Technical Advances in PET/CT Imaging. Articles will include: PET/CT Guided FNAC/Biopsy; Dual Time Point Imaging; Overview of Conventional imaging based intervention in clinical practice; Special Techniques in PET/CT in evaluating genito-urinary malignances; Special techniques in PET/CT imaging for evaluation of head and neck cancer; PET/CT enteroclysis; Contrast media in PET/CT imaging; PET/CT guided RFA; Non-attenuated corrected PET/CT imaging and applications; and more!

In todays’ world with its widespread usage of personal-care products, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, flame retardants, plasticizers, various industrial additives, metals and metalloids, pesticides, and pesticide metabolites, environmental contaminants are an increasing source of pollution with a severe effect on the ecological system. Industries that produce these contaminants must find answers to remediate this. Nanomaterials in Environmental Analysis contributes to solving this problem by providing researchers in industry and academia with promising applications of nanoparticles in detection techniques and in removal of chemical species from the environment. Each chapter covers an aspect of using nanoparticles in detecting, measuring and remediating toxic chemical species in the environment.

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device applications are common in many areas. Micromirror arrays are used as video projectors; microsensors find their application for measuring acceleration, temperature, and pressure; and they can also be used in the medical field for measuring blood pressure. Microfluidics have also been widely employed in life sciences applications, such as drug development and administration, point-of-care devices, and more. To use these technologies to their fullest extent, further research is needed. Advances in MEMS and Microfluidic Systems explores the emerging research and advances in MEMS devices and microfluidic systems applications. It features in-depth chapters on microfluidic device design and fabrication as well as on the aspects of devices/systems, characterization, and comparative research findings. Covering topics such as biosensors, lab-on-a-chip, and microfluidic technology, this premier reference source is an indispensable resource for engineers, health professionals, students and educators of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

Strategic Perspectives in Solid Waste and Wastewater Management explores conventional and advanced biotechnologies for waste management, including socio-economic aspects, techno-economic feasibility, models and modeling tools, and a detailed life-cycle assessment approach in solid waste (SW) and wastewater (WW). These innovative technologies are highly applicable to current real-world situations. The enormous increase in the quantum and diversity of SW and WW - including waste materials generated due to human activity and their potentially harmful effects on the environment and public health - have led to increasing awareness about an urgent need to adopt novel technologies for appropriate management of both SW and WW. While there is an obvious need to minimize the generation of wastes and to reuse and recycle them, the technologies for managing such wastes can play a vital role in mitigating problems. Besides recovery of substantial energy, these technologies can lead to a considerable reduction in the overall waste quantities requiring final disposal, which can be better managed for safe disposal in a controlled manner while meeting pollution control standards.

This book gives a complete overview of current developments in nanotechnology-based environmental remediation and sustainable agriculture practices/sectors. It will provide the use of nanotechnology in the agricultural sector such as crop production and improvement, soil fertility management along with benefits and risks of nanotechnology on ecological farming. Additionally, the book also discovers how nanotechnology is used in water, air remediation techniques and major challenges in using nanomaterials for improving water and air quality. The book can be a reference source for academicians, scientists, policymakers, students, and research scientists working in minimizing the environmental pollution and increasing agricultural production using nanoparticles.

Increased use of artificial intelligence (AI) is being deployed in many hospitals and healthcare settings to help improve health care service delivery. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) tools can help guide physicians with tasks such as diagnosis and detection of diseases and assisting with medical decision making. This edited book outlines novel applications of AI in e-healthcare. It includes various real-time/offline applications and case studies in the field of e-Healthcare, such as image recognition tools for assisting with tuberculosis diagnosis from x-ray data, ML tools for cancer disease prediction, and visualisation techniques for predicting the outbreak and spread of Covid-19. Heterogenous recurrent convolution neural networks for risk prediction in electronic healthcare record datasets are also reviewed. Suitable for an audience of computer scientists and healthcare engineers, the main objective of this book is to demonstrate effective use of AI in healthcare by describing and promoting innovative case studies and finding the scope for improvement across healthcare services.

Pharmacokinetics and Toxicokinetic Considerations explains the central principles, cutting-edge methodologies, and incipient thought processes applied to toxicology research. As part of the Advances in Pharmaceutical Product Development and Research series, the book provides expert literature on dose, dosage regimen and dose adjustment, medication errors, and approaches for its prevention, the concept of pharmacotherapy, and managed care in clinical interventions. It expounds on strategies to revamp the pharmacokinetics of the drug and the factors affecting the stability of drugs and their metabolites in biological matrices. Finally, the book offers focused elaborations on various bioanalytical methods for bioavailability and bioequivalence assessment and integrates the wide-ranging principles and concepts shared by toxicokinetics and pharmacodynamics as mutual crosstalk rather than isolated observations. It will be helpful to researchers and advanced students working in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, biotechnology, food, and related industries including toxicologists, pharmacists, and pharmacologists.

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Considerations examines the history of biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics. The book provides a biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics approach to addressing issues in formulation development and ethical considerations in handling animals. Written by experts in the field, this volume within the Advances in Pharmaceutical Product Development and Research series deepens understanding of biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics within drug discovery and drug development. Each chapter delves into a particular aspect of this fundamental field to cover the principles, methodologies and technologies employed by pharmaceutical scientists, researchers and pharmaceutical industries to study the chemical and physical properties of drugs and the biological effects they produce.

This edited book is a compilation of tangible research findings and actual experiences on various salt tolerant rice breeding programmes, that have been successfully practiced and continuing to do so by research centres in South East Asia, with major emphasis in India, Bangladesh and Philippines. Rice being one of the most important staple crops of the world, its production and productivity have to be kept on increasing so as to feed the burgeoning population. This is a very challenging task in the midst of shrinking resource base and arable lands in the face of climate change. Salt stress is the second major abiotic stress, next only to drought, which greatly affects rice production. To overcome this problem, development of improved salt tolerant rice cultivars coupled with appropriate package of practices, an ecologically sound and socially acceptable strategy should be developed which is well within the reach of marginal farmers. With rapid advances in molecular biology, mechanisms underlying the complexity of the trait are better understood now than before. Selection of appropriate parents, desired mapping populations, precise phenotyping are the key components to underpin the mapping and utilization of reliable QTLs. Understanding genetics of salt tolerance, identifying the robust molecular markers and targeted utilization of available molecular markers form the sound basis to develop the commercial products with more precision and speed. This book covers entire range of topics: starting from biophysical characterization of salt stressed areas in different rice ecologies, conventional and molecular breeding approaches for mapping salt tolerance and subsequent development of improved rice varieties for commercial cultivation and their societal impacts. This book is of interest to scientists, faculty, policy makers and administrators. It also serves as a resource guide to graduate students of agriculture particularly plant breeding, plant physiology, molecular biology and soil science.

The Future of Pharmaceutical Product Development and Research examines the latest developments in the pharmaceutical sciences, also highlighting key developments, research and future opportunities. Written by experts in the field, this volume in the Advances in Pharmaceutical Product Development and Research series deepens our understanding of the product development phase of drug discovery and drug development. Each chapter covers fundamental principles, advanced methodologies and technologies employed by pharmaceutical scientists, researchers and the pharmaceutical industry. The book focuses on excipients, radiopharmaceuticals, and how manufacturing should be conducted in an environment that follows Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines. Researchers and students will find this book to be a comprehensive resource for those working in, and studying, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biotechnology, foods and related industries.

Carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions are the backbone of synthetic organic chemistry. Scientists are constantly developing and improving these techniques in order to maximize the diversity of synthetically available molecules. These techniques must be developed in a sustainable manner in order to limit their environmental impact. This book highlights green carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions.

This book discusses all aspects of advanced engine technologies, and describes the role of alternative fuels and solution-based modeling studies in meeting the increasingly higher standards of the automotive industry. By promoting research into more efficient and environment-friendly combustion technologies, it helps enable researchers to develop higher-power engines with lower fuel consumption, emissions, and noise levels. Over the course of 12 chapters, it covers research in areas such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion and control strategies, the use of alternative fuels and additives in combination with new combustion technology and novel approaches to recover the pumping loss in the spark ignition engine. The book will serve as a valuable resource for academic researchers and professional automotive engineers alike.

This issue, edited by Dr. Rakesh Kumar, reviews current clinical information in "PET Based Interventions." Articles will include: PET/CT in Radiofrequency Ablation; PET/CT Guided FNAC/Biopsy; PET/CT in Radiotherapy Planning; Dual Time Point Imaging; The Role of PET in Radiation Oncology; PET/CT in Individualization of Treatment (Personalized medicine); Ga68-DOTA-TOC PET/CT in targeted radionuclide therapy (Lu188 therapy for NET); Role of FDG PET/CT in Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Endocrine Malignancies; Overview of Conventional Imaging Based Intervention in Clinical Practice; Special Techniques in PET/CT in Evaluating Genito-urinary Malignancies; and more!

Increasing world population, unpredictable climate and various kind of biotic and abiotic stresses necessitate the sustainable increase in crop production through developing improved cultivars possessing enhanced genetic resilience against all odds. An exploration of these challenges and near possible solution to improve yield is addressed in this book. It comprehensively and coherently reviews the application of various aspect of rapidly growing omics technology including genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics for crop development. It provides detailed examination of how omics can help crop science and introduces the benefits of using these technologies to enhance crop production, resistance and other values. It also provides platform to ponder upon the integrative approach of omics to deal with complex biological problems. The book highlights crop improvement such as yield enhancement, biotic and abiotic resistance, genetic modification, bioremediation, food security etc. It explores how the different omics technology independently and collectively would be used to improve the quantitative and qualitative traits of crop plants. The book is useful for graduate and post-graduate students of life science including researchers who are keen to know about the application of omics technologies in the different area of plant science. This book is also an asset to the modern plant breeders, and agriculture biotechnologist.

This book comprises select proceedings of the 43rd National Systems Conference on Innovative and Emerging Trends in Engineering Systems (NSC 2019) held at the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India. The contents cover latest research in the highly multidisciplinary field of systems engineering, and discusses its various aspects like systems design, dynamics, analysis, modeling and simulation. Some of the topics covered include computing systems, consciousness systems, electrical systems, energy systems, manufacturing systems, mechanical systems, literary systems, social systems, and quantum and nano systems. Given the scope of the contents, this book will be useful for researchers and professionals from diverse engineering and management background.

Smart cities of the future must aspire to accommodate increasing technology and expectations of modern living, integrated societies, knowledge-based workforce, factory automation, and virtual-real social behaviors. This complex concoction of challenges requires new thinking of the synergistic utilization of reinforcement learning methods and data-driven decision making with automation infrastructure, autonomous transportation, connected buildings, smart homes, and embedded communities. Industrial informatics lies at this strategic intersection of multiple disciplines that can comprehensively realize a learning vision of smart cities. This book is ideal for academicians, researchers, authors, industry experts, software engineers, and students.

This book comprises the select proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Future Learning Aspects of Mechanical Engineering (FLAME) 2020. In particular, this volume discusses different topics of industrial and production engineering such as sustainable manufacturing processes, logistics, Industry 4.0 practices, circular economy, lean six sigma, agile manufacturing, additive manufacturing, IoT and Big Data in manufacturing, 3D printing, simulation, manufacturing management and automation, surface roughness, multi-objective optimization and modelling for production processes, developments in casting, welding, machining, and machine tools. The contents of this book will be useful for researchers as well as industry professionals.

This book gathers selected research papers presented at the AICTE-sponsored International Conference on IoT Inclusive Life (ICIIL 2019), which was organized by the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chandigarh, India, on December 19-20, 2019. In contributions by active researchers, the book presents innovative findings and important developments in IoT-related studies, making it a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and industrial professionals around the globe.

At the moment, there is no dedicated book to summarize the roles, the significance, and potential therapeutic targeting of transcriptional factors from the perspective of signaling cascade, and thus, directly impacting the functionality of transcriptional factors in cancer. In addition, this book will offer a comprehensive basic and clinical science behind the functions of representative core transcriptional factors. These chapters will serve as a treasure for all those who have an interest in the basis, progression, and targeting of human cancer. Each chapter will be intended to provide comprehensive, up-to-date information by the leaders about the physiologic and pathologic roles of TFs in specific representative organ systems of prime importance. The book will consist of chapters that will give biomedical students, under and graduate students, basic sciences and clinical cancer fellows, residents and researchers, and oncology educators will get a thorough summary of the overall subject. The readers will be able to understand the important current information and views on specific TFs and its role in cancer in areas outside their own expertise or experience. A special emphasis will be also placed on the "classic" papers as well as perspectives on future directions for the field.

Traditionally, scientific fields have defined boundaries, and scientists work on research problems within those boundaries. However, from time to time those boundaries get shifted or blurred to evolve new fields. For instance, the original goal of computer vision was to understand a single image of a scene, by identifying objects, their structure, and spatial arrangements. This has been referred to as image understanding. Recently, computer vision has gradually been making the transition away from understanding single images to analyz ing image sequences, or video understanding. Video understanding deals with understanding of video sequences, e. g., recognition of gestures, activities, fa cial expressions, etc. The main shift in the classic paradigm has been from the recognition of static objects in the scene to motion-based recognition of actions and events. Video understanding has overlapping research problems with other fields, therefore blurring the fixed boundaries. Computer graphics, image processing, and video databases have obvious overlap with computer vision. The main goal of computer graphics is to gener ate and animate realistic looking images, and videos. Researchers in computer graphics are increasingly employing techniques from computer vision to gener ate the synthetic imagery. A good example of this is image-based rendering and modeling techniques, in which geometry, appearance, and lighting is de rived from real images using computer vision techniques. Here the shift is from synthesis to analysis followed by synthesis."

Carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions are the backbone of synthetic organic chemistry. Scientists are constantly developing and improving these techniques in order to maximize the diversity of synthetically available molecules. These techniques must be developed in a sustainable manner in order to limit their environmental impact. This book highlights green bond forming reactions for bioactive scaffolds.

This book describes intuitive analog design approaches using digital inverters, providing filter architectures and circuit techniques enabling high performance analog circuit design. The authors provide process, supply voltage and temperature (PVT) variation-tolerant design techniques for inverter based circuits. They also discuss various analog design techniques for lower technology nodes and lower power supply, which can be used for designing high performance systems-on-chip.