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As the world population is exploding and alongside fluctuations in
climate is also prevalent, there is an increasing stress on the
food requirements of the population. We have an urgent necessity to
produce more food in the limited agricultural land. Further, to
feed 7 billion people there is a requirement of high yielding
crops, without harming environment and limiting the use of
unnecessary pesticide and chemical fertilizers. Therefore it has
become crucial to develop agri-bio-techniques which are environment
friendly and also give high crop productivity. Many countries are
evaluating the utility of biotechnology and its role in addressing
problems of food security and poverty. Biotechnology is the
application of scientific and engineering principles to the
processing and production of materials by utilising biological
agents. These agents are exploited to provide goods and services.
Agricultural biotechnology encompasses a growing list of techniques
that range from simple probes to determine a relevant gene from the
complete genome to manipulating genes for a desired outcome. Many
other popular methods used in the realm of agricultural technology
are - gene integration, Marker-assisted breeding, Tissue culture,
Gene profiling or association mapping, Metabolomics etc. The
fundamental challenge facing the scientific community is how to
devise innovative strategies that will bring all developed as well
as developing countries into the "biological fold" and to do so in
ways that will take full advantage of advances in the biological
sciences to curb poverty, improve public health, and promote human
development. This book contains information on eco-friendly
techniques for high crop productivity and it is a myriad of
different techniques and technology used to sustain productivity in
crop plants. There are fewer books focusing on large-scale organic
farming, molecular farming etc. Multidisciplinary research and
literature is needed to deliver knowledge and products into the
marketplace which fulfil these requirements. The present book is a
collection of literature contributed by experts, scientists,
professors, and researchers from around the world, it emphasizes
work of concerned scientist and his choice of techniques used for
enhancement of agricultural production. This book analyses the use
of modern techniques to increase crop yields, production, and risk
of hunger linked to socioeconomic scenarios.
As the world population is exploding and alongside fluctuations in
climate is also prevalent, there is an increasing stress on the
food requirements of the population. We have an urgent necessity to
produce more food in the limited agricultural land. Further, to
feed 7 billion people there is a requirement of high yielding
crops, without harming environment and limiting the use of
unnecessary pesticide and chemical fertilizers. Therefore it has
become crucial to develop agri-bio-techniques which are environment
friendly and also give high crop productivity. Many countries are
evaluating the utility of biotechnology and its role in addressing
problems of food security and poverty. Biotechnology is the
application of scientific and engineering principles to the
processing and production of materials by utilising biological
agents. These agents are exploited to provide goods and services.
Agricultural biotechnology encompasses a growing list of techniques
that range from simple probes to determine a relevant gene from the
complete genome to manipulating genes for a desired outcome. Many
other popular methods used in the realm of agricultural technology
are - gene integration, Marker-assisted breeding, Tissue culture,
Gene profiling or association mapping, Metabolomics etc. The
fundamental challenge facing the scientific community is how to
devise innovative strategies that will bring all developed as well
as developing countries into the "biological fold" and to do so in
ways that will take full advantage of advances in the biological
sciences to curb poverty, improve public health, and promote human
development. This book contains information on eco-friendly
techniques for high crop productivity and it is a myriad of
different techniques and technology used to sustain productivity in
crop plants. There are fewer books focusing on large-scale organic
farming, molecular farming etc. Multidisciplinary research and
literature is needed to deliver knowledge and products into the
marketplace which fulfil these requirements. The present book is a
collection of literature contributed by experts, scientists,
professors, and researchers from around the world, it emphasizes
work of concerned scientist and his choice of techniques used for
enhancement of agricultural production. This book analyses the use
of modern techniques to increase crop yields, production, and risk
of hunger linked to socioeconomic scenarios.
Podands are the open chain ligands with pendant coordinating sites
having potential donor atoms such as oxygen and nitrogen. These
acyclic multidentate ligands possess a good capability of forming
host- guest complexes. Podands unlike their macrocyclic analogues,
do not have well-defined preorganised cavities but encapsulate the
suitable cation due to flexible behaviour of the pendant binding
sites. During complex formation, podands undergo conformational
changes due to their high degree of flexibility.
Rice is a major crop that is grown in more than 110 countries. The
total area planted under rice in India is 44.0 million hectares
which is largest in the world against a total area of 156.6 million
hectares. The average yield of rice in India is 3.2 tonnes/hectare
alone. The reasons for low yield are limited area under irrigation,
seasonal shortage of resources and delay in land preparation and
transplanting. A study on economics and major constraints in rice
cultivation in Kaithal district of Haryana was conducted during
2009-10.Total costs in rice production amounted to be Rs.
33778.68/ha. Average yield was 4.99 t/ha. Benefit-cost ratio worked
out to be 1.27. Pests and disease incidence, lack of remunerative
price and labour shortage were the major constraints in rice
production.
The Singhbhum forests lying in the Deccan Peninsular Biogeographic
Zone is one of the major elephant habitat in terms of its area and
current population size in the state of Bihar. The floristic
component is mostly represented through moist and dry deciduous
forests dominated with Shorea robusta species along with other
associates. Out of several biotic threats iron-ore mining has been
considered as a contributory factor for reducing biological
diversity and habitat quality for the survival of elephants in the
region. Siting of several iron ore mines and their processing and
disposal of wastes through inadequate environmental safe guards
have been a concern for aquatic and terrestrial habitat. Unmanaged
waste release from the mines has polluted long catchment of the
river Koina and brought visible coloration of river water and
moralities among large number of riverine trees. The occupancy and
utilization of this riverine habitat has also been viewed as
crucial for elephants during the summer months in terms of dense
cover and water availability. Lack of quantified information on
iron-ore mining pollution and its impact on water quality lead to
take up this study
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