The Singhbhum forests lying in the Deccan Peninsular Biogeographic
Zone is one of the major elephant habitat in terms of its area and
current population size in the state of Bihar. The floristic
component is mostly represented through moist and dry deciduous
forests dominated with Shorea robusta species along with other
associates. Out of several biotic threats iron-ore mining has been
considered as a contributory factor for reducing biological
diversity and habitat quality for the survival of elephants in the
region. Siting of several iron ore mines and their processing and
disposal of wastes through inadequate environmental safe guards
have been a concern for aquatic and terrestrial habitat. Unmanaged
waste release from the mines has polluted long catchment of the
river Koina and brought visible coloration of river water and
moralities among large number of riverine trees. The occupancy and
utilization of this riverine habitat has also been viewed as
crucial for elephants during the summer months in terms of dense
cover and water availability. Lack of quantified information on
iron-ore mining pollution and its impact on water quality lead to
take up this study
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