Periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent afflictions affecting the human beings. When occurs, it destroys the tooth supporting structures like periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. If untreated, tooth may become mobile and finally may get exfoliated. The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is creation of an environment that is conducive to maintaining the patient's dentition in health, comfort and function. Periodontal therapy is directed not only at inflammation control but also at pocket reduction and associated bone defect. The shift in therapeutic concepts from resection to regeneration has significantly impacted the practice of periodontology. Regeneration of lost bone and periodontal attachment improves the support of the tooth and its prognosis. Bone replacement grafts have been shown to produce greater clinical bone defect fill from flap debridement alone. In most of the clinical studies, the osseous grafted sites have outperformed the non grafted sites in the regeneration of the lost periodontal structures. This research work evaluated the efficacy of -tricalcium phosphate plus hydroxyapatite in the treatment of periodontal infrabony defects."

One of the important goals of periodontal therapy is the restoration of the lost periodontium and conversion of the periodontitis affected root surface into a substrate, which is biologically hospitable for epithelial and connective tissue cell adherence and attachment. An objective of periodontal treatment is the predictable regeneration of the periodontium in areas previously affected by periodontal disease. Periodontitis affected root surfaces show many changes and the root is commonly referred to as 'pathologically exposed'. The traditional treatment of pathologically altered root surfaces has relied on mechanical removal of plaque and calculus, root bound toxins and contaminated cementum. It is not possible to decontaminate a periodontitis affected root surface completely by mechanical means alone. The instrumented surface will inevitably be covered by a smear layer which is usually comprised of remnants of dental calculus, necrosed root cementum, flecks of hydroxyapatite crystals, microorganisms and their products. The root surface serves as a wound margin during regeneration so it is necessary to rehabilitate the root surface for cell attachment and fiber insertion.

Local drug delivery has gained wide acceptance as an adjunct to mechanical debridement for the treatment of chronic periodontitis. A variety of delivery vehicles have been utilized for intrapocket administration of antimicrobial agents with variable success. Varnishes, which accomplish a reservoir of drug on the tooth surface are one of the recently developed vehicles used to deliver antimicrobial agent such as chlorhexidine, being utilized for the treatment of periodontitis. They allow application of a sufficient dose of antimicrobial agent over a longer period of time. So, varnishes seem to be an appealing vehicle for delivery of chlorhexidine (a gold standard anti-plaque agent) in periodontal milieu. From the results of present investigation, it can be concluded, within limitations of the study, that multiple applications of 1% chlorhexidine varnish have an added benefit over single application in treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Establishing the identity of a person may seem like an easy task; the person, or their friends or family, can simply be asked their name. In medicolegal cases, however, there are often reasons why people are either unable to give accurate answers or purposefully give inaccurate ones. In cases of death, a body may also be too disfigured due to trauma to allow for easy identification. Though sometimes difficult, identification remains a necessary task. Identification of an individual can be confirmed by several different methods. However when the number of victims increases, the forensic experts have to depend on more specific extensive information and at this point the dental tissues become an encyclopedia of information. Through this book, author aims to draw the attention that these methods cannot always be used, sometimes simple techniques can be used successfully in human identification, such as "Palatal rugoscopy." Palatoscopy is a name given to the study of palatal rugae in order to establish a person's identity as no two palates are alike and palatal rugae appear to possess the features of ideal identification parameters - uniqueness, individuality and stability.