The genesis of this book goes back to the conference held at the University of Bologna, June 1999, on collaborative work between the University of California at Berkeley and the University of Bologna. The book, in its present form, is a compilation of some of the recent work using geometric partial differential equations and the level set methodology in medical and biomedical image analysis.The book not only gives a good overview on some of the traditional applications in medical imagery such as, CT, MR, Ultrasound, but also shows some new and exciting applications in the area of Life Sciences, such as confocal microscope image understanding.

Itgivesmegreatpleasuretoeditthisbook. Thegenesisofthisbookgoes backtotheconferenceheldattheUniversityofBolognainJune1999,on collaborativeworkbetweentheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleyandthe UniversityofBologna. Theoriginalideawastoinvitesomespeakersatthe conferencetosubmitarticlestothebook. Thescopeofthebookwaslater- hancedand,inthepresentform,itisacompilationofsomeoftherecentwork usinggeometricpartialdi?erentialequationsandthelevelsetmethodology inmedicalandbiomedicalimageanalysis. Thesynopsisofthebookisasfollows:Inthe?rstchapter,R. Malladi andJ. A. Sethianpointtotheoriginsoftheuseoflevelsetmethodsand geometricPDEsforsegmentation,andpresentfastmethodsforshapes- mentationinbothmedicalandbiomedicalimageapplications. InChapter 2,C. OrtizdeSolorzano,R. Malladi,andS. J. Lockettdescribeabodyof workthatwasdoneoverthepastcoupleofyearsattheLawrenceBerkeley NationalLaboratoryonapplicationsoflevelsetmethodsinthestudyand understandingofconfocalmicroscopeimagery. TheworkinChapter3byA. Sarti,C. Lamberti,andR. Malladiaddressestheproblemofunderstanding di?culttimevaryingechocardiographicimagery. Thisworkpresentsvarious levelsetmodelsthataredesignedto?tavarietyofimagingsituations,i. e. timevarying2D,3D,andtimevarying3D. InChapter4,L. VeseandT. F. Chanpresentasegmentationmodelwithoutedgesandalsoshowextensions totheMumford-Shahmodel. Thismodelisparticularlypowerfulincertain applicationswhencomparisonsbetweennormalandabnormalsubjectsis- quired. Next,inChapter5,A. EladandR. Kimmelusethefastmarching methodontriangulateddomaintobuildatechniquetounfoldthecortexand mapitontoasphere. Thistechniqueismotivatedinpartbynewadvances infMRIbasedneuroimaging. InChapter6,T. DeschampsandL. D. Cohen presentaminimalpathbasedmethodofgroupingconnectedcomponentsand showcleverapplicationsinvesseldetectionin3Dmedicaldata. Finally,in Chapter7,A. Sarti,K. Mikula,F. Sgallari,andC. Lamberti,describean- linearmodelfor?lteringtimevarying3Dmedicaldataandshowimpressive resultsinbothultrasoundandechoimages. IoweadebtofgratitudetoClaudioLambertiandAlessandroSartifor invitingmetoBologna,andlogisticalsupportfortheconference. Ithank thecontributingauthorsfortheirenthusiasmand?exibility,theSpringer mathematicseditorMartinPetersforhisoptimismandpatience,andJ. A. Sethianforhisunfailingsupport,goodhumor,andguidancethroughthe years. Berkeley,California R. Malladi October,2001 Contents 1 FastMethodsforShapeExtractioninMedicaland BiomedicalImaging...1 R. Malladi,J. A. Sethian 1. 1Introduction...1 1. 2TheFastMarchingMethod...3 1. 3ShapeRecoveryfromMedicalImages...6 1. 4Results...10 References...13 2 AGeometricModelforImageAnalysisinCytology...19 C. OrtizdeSolorzano,R. Malladi,,S. J. Lockett 2. 1Introduction...19 2. 2GeometricModelforImageAnalysis...20 2. 3SegmentationofNuclei...22 2. 4SegmentationofNucleiandCellsUsingMembrane-RelatedProtein Markers...31 2. 5Conclusions...37 References...38 3 LevelSetModelsforAnalysisof2Dand3D EchocardiographicData...43 A. Sarti,C. Lamberti,R. Malladi 3. 1Introduction...43 3. 2TheGeometricEvolutionEquation...45 3. 3TheShock-TypeFiltering...46 3. 4ShapeExtraction...49 3. 52DEchocardiography...52 3. 62D+timeEchocardiography...53 3. 73DEchocardiography...56 3. 83D+timeEchocardiography...58 3. 9Conclusions...59 References...61 4 ActiveContourandSegmentationModelsusing GeometricPDE'sforMedicalImaging...63 T. F. Chan,L. A. Vese 4. 1Introduction...63 4. 2DescriptionoftheModels...64 4. 3ApplicationstoBio-MedicalImages...68 4. 4ConcludingRemarks...68 References...7 0 VIII Contents 5 SphericalFlatteningoftheCortexSurface...77 A. Elad(Elbaz),R. Kimmel 5. 1Introduction...77 5. 2FastMarchingMethodonTriangulatedDomains...80 5. 3Multi-DimensionalScaling...80 5. 4CortexUnfolding...84 5. 5Conclusions...86 References...86 6 GroupingConnectedComponentsusingMinimalPath Techniques...91 T. Deschamps,L. D. Cohen 6. 1Introduction...91 6. 2MinimalPathsin2Dand3D...93 6. 3FindingContoursfromaSetofConnectedComponentsR...96 k 6. 4FindingaSetofPathsina3DImage...102 6. 5Conclusion...103 References...104 7 NonlinearMultiscaleAnalysisModelsforFilteringof 3D+TimeBiomedicalImages...107 A. Sarti,K. Mikula,F. Sgallari,C.