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Nursing is vital to millions of people worldwide. This book details
the ebb and flow of its fascinating history and politics through
case studies from Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico,
Canada, and the United States. Authors from across the Americas
share findings and explore new thinking about Western
hemisphere-specific issues that affect nursing and health care.
Using economic globalization as an overarching framework, these
cross-national case studies show the strengths and contradictions
in nursing, elucidating common themes and examining successes. The
partnership of authors shapes a collective understanding of nursing
in the Americas and forms a basis for enduring hemisphere-wide
academic exchange. Thus, the book offers a new platform for
understanding the struggles and obstacles of nursing in a climate
of globalization, as well as for understanding nursing's richness
and accomplishments. Because politics, economics, health, and
nursing are inextricably linked, this volume critically explores
the intersections among political economies and nursing and health
care systems. The historical and contextual background allows
readers to make sense of how and why nursing in the Americas has
taken on its present form.
Work, so fundamental to well-being, has its darker and more costly
side. Work can adversely affect our health, well beyond the usual
counts of injuries that we think of as 'occupational health'. The
ways in which work is organized - its pace and intensity, degree of
control over the work process, sense of justice, and employment
security, among other things - can be as toxic to the health of
workers as the chemicals in the air. These work characteristics can
be detrimental not only to mental well-being but to physical
health. Scientists refer to these features of work as 'hazards' of
the 'psychosocial' work environment. One key pathway from the work
environment to illness is through the mechanism of stress; thus we
speak of 'stressors' in the work environment, or 'work stress'.
This is in contrast to the popular psychological understandings of
'stress', which locate many of the problems with the individual
rather than the environment. In this book we advance a social
environmental understanding of the workplace and health. The book
addresses this topic in three parts: the important changes taking
place in the world of work in the context of the global economy
(Part I); scientific findings on the effects of particular forms of
work organization and work stressors on employees' health,
'unhealthy work' as a major public health problem, and estimates of
costs to employers and society (Part II); and, case studies and
various approaches to improve working conditions, prevent disease,
and improve health (Part III).
Based on groundbreaking research on the working conditions of
airport check-in workers in two countries, a previously unstudied
category of predominantly women workers, Ellen Rosskam describes a
form of work characterized as modern-day Taylorism. An occupation
greatly affected by new forms of work organization and management
practices-caught in the throes of rapid change due to international
competition, alliances, mergers, and the application of
cost-efficiency strategies-check-in work has been undermined in
recent years by the adverse effects of liberalization and
technological change.By peeling away the veneer of glamour
associated with airport check-in work, Rosskam reveals how changes
in work organization in this sector have de-skilled, disempowered,
and ultimately demoralized workers. In "Excess Baggage", weaving
through the psychological distress, physical pain from
musculoskeletal disorders, strain, and violence that check-in
workers experience and describe in their own words, a picture
emerges of a job perceived to be "safe," "clean," "glamour girl"
work, but which is comparable to industrial workplaces that require
heavy manual lifting, obligingly performed in skirts, dresses, and
pretty little shoes.
Work, so fundamental to well-being, has its darker and more costly
side. Work can adversely affect our health, well beyond the usual
counts of injuries that we think of as 'occupational health'. The
ways in which work is organized - its pace and intensity, degree of
control over the work process, sense of justice, and employment
security, among other things - can be as toxic to the health of
workers as the chemicals in the air. These work characteristics can
be detrimental not only to mental well-being but to physical
health. Scientists refer to these features of work as 'hazards' of
the 'psychosocial' work environment. One key pathway from the work
environment to illness is through the mechanism of stress; thus we
speak of 'stressors' in the work environment, or 'work stress'.
This is in contrast to the popular psychological understandings of
'stress', which locate many of the problems with the individual
rather than the environment. In this book we advance a social
environmental understanding of the workplace and health. The book
addresses this topic in three parts: the important changes taking
place in the world of work in the context of the global economy
(Part I); scientific findings on the effects of particular forms of
work organization and work stressors on employees' health,
'unhealthy work' as a major public health problem, and estimates of
costs to employers and society (Part II); and, case studies and
various approaches to improve working conditions, prevent disease,
and improve health (Part III).
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