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This book examines discourses around infertility and views of
childlessness in medieval and early modern Europe. Whereas in our
own time reproductive behaviour is regulated by demographic policy
in the interest of upholding the intergenerational contract,
premodern rulers strove to secure the succession to their thrones
and preserve family heritage. Regardless of status, infertility
could have drastic consequences, above all for women, and lead to
social discrimination, expulsion, and divorce. Rather than
outlining a history of discrimination against or the suffering of
infertile couples, this book explores the mechanisms used to
justify the unequal treatment of persons without children.
Exploring views on childlessness across theology, medicine, law,
demonology, and ethics, it undertakes a comprehensive examination
of 'fertility' as an identity category from the perspective of new
approaches in gender and intersectionality research. Shedding light
on how premodern views have shaped understandings our own time,
this book is highly relevant interest to students and scholars
interested in discourses around infertility across history.
This study refutes the notion that there could be no sense of
tragedy in the Middle Ages because of the prevailing Christian
worldview. The motivating force of misfortunate in the courtly epic
shows clear congruities with various theories of tragedy. Using a
narratological approach, the author reformulates the concept of the
tragic for the field of medieval studies.
This study radically corrects and fine-hones the generally accepted
view of the humanist reception of antiquity. It focuses on the
impact of Greek patristics with reference to all the printed works
of St. Basil the Great (329a "379) published in German-speaking
Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. The historical analyses
focus on the printing, the literary aspects of the works, and the
tradition in which they were handed down from one generation to the
next. In so doing, they pinpoint the various social locations in
which the Greek/Latin editions and their translations into the
vernacular developed their impact. They also cast light on the
diverging motives inspiring printers, editors, and readers.
Dieser interdisziplinare Open Access-Band beschaftigt sich mit den
vielfaltigen Konzepten und Methoden des UEbersetzens als zentraler
und ubiquitarer Kulturtechnik der Fruhen Neuzeit (1450-1800). In
funfzehn Einzelstudien werden gesellschaftliche Leitvorstellungen,
Wahrnehmungsmuster und Kommunikationsformen erforscht, die seit dem
15. Jahrhundert durch Praktiken des UEbersetzens etabliert werden
und bis in die Gegenwart von pragender Bedeutung sind. Behandelt
werden etwa jiddische und kymrische Bibeluber setzungen, tamilische
und zapotekische Missionstexte sowie franzoesische und arabische
Kartenmaterialien. This interdisciplinary open-access collection
addresses the multifarious concepts and methods of translation as a
central and ubiquitous cultural technique of the Early Modern
period (1450-1800). It features fifteen studies on the guiding
principles, perception patterns, and communication forms that have
taken root in society since the fifteenth century through the
practices of translation and are still of defining importance
today. The research spectrum encompasses such diverse topics as
Yiddish and Cymric translations of the Bible, Tamil and Zapotec
mission texts, and French and Arabic cartographic material.
Kinderlosigkeit ist kein biologisches Schicksal, sondern sozial und
kulturell gepragt, argumentiert Regina Toepfer. Anknupfend an
aktuelle Diskussionen uber Samenspende, Adoption, Kinderfreiheit
und bereute Mutterschaft untersucht sie, wie im Mittelalter uber
Fruchtbarkeit und Unfruchtbarkeit gesprochen wurde. In der
Theologie, der Medizin und im Recht, aber auch in der
Erzahlliteratur zeichnen sich auffallige Unterschiede ab: Fur die
einen ist Kinderlosigkeit ein grosses Problem, fur die anderen ein
hohes Ideal. Das Buch fragt nach den Grunden fur diese Wertungen
und nach historischen Veranderungen. Offengelegt werden so
verschiedene Erzahlmuster, die Geschichten der Kinderlosigkeit bis
in die Gegenwart pragen: Das Spektrum reicht vom spat erfullten
Kinderwunsch dank goettlicher oder damonischer Hilfe uber soziale
und religioese Alternativen bis hin zur bewussten Entscheidung
gegen Elternschaft und dem wunschlosen Gluck innig Liebender.
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