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The potential of software applications to solve an array of office
and administrative problems is increasing faster than the ability
of users to exploit it. We need to make systems easier to learn and
more comfortable to use. This book reports a major advance in the
effort to accomplish both goals.
" Flexcel" enables users to modify access and dialog dynamics to
their specific requirements. Relying on a plan recognition feature,
the system proposes adaptations or uses of adaptations. The ongoing
conflict between the adaptive and the adaptable is resolved in an
integration: user and system share the responsibility for the
initiatives, decision-making and execution. A "critic" component of
the system then analyzes the user's handling of the adaptation
tools and suggests improvements. The system offers an environment
in which users can explore as they learn.
"HyPlan" implements the context-sensitive help that facilitates
learning on demand. When the PLANET plan-recognition feature
identifies the kinds of support for work that may possibly be
required, HyPlan provides, on request, specific assistance in the
form of hypermedia or animated displays and tutorials.
Developmental research has shown that users take advantage of
opportunities to adapt interfaces only in conjunction with
help-functions -- which are accepted when they do not interrupt
work. And studies by social scientists have shown that adaptations
of technical systems have to be integrated into the overall process
of organizational innovation and undertaken cooperatively.
This book will stimulate all those concerned with software -- from
computational, cognitive, ergonomic, or organizational standpoints
-- to reconceive the relationship between design and user
support.
The potential of software applications to solve an array of office
and administrative problems is increasing faster than the ability
of users to exploit it. We need to make systems easier to learn and
more comfortable to use. This book reports a major advance in the
effort to accomplish both goals. Flexcel enables users to modify
access and dialog dynamics to their specific requirements. Relying
on a plan recognition feature, the system proposes adaptations or
uses of adaptations. The ongoing conflict between the adaptive and
the adaptable is resolved in an integration: user and system share
the responsibility for the initiatives, decision-making and
execution. A "critic" component of the system then analyzes the
user's handling of the adaptation tools and suggests improvements.
The system offers an environment in which users can explore as they
learn. HyPlan implements the context-sensitive help that
facilitates learning on demand. When the PLANET plan-recognition
feature identifies the kinds of support for work that may possibly
be required, HyPlan provides, on request, specific assistance in
the form of hypermedia or animated displays and tutorials.
Developmental research has shown that users take advantage of
opportunities to adapt interfaces only in conjunction with
help-functions -- which are accepted when they do not interrupt
work. And studies by social scientists have shown that adaptations
of technical systems have to be integrated into the overall process
of organizational innovation and undertaken cooperatively. This
book will stimulate all those concerned with software -- from
computational, cognitive, ergonomic, or organizational standpoints
-- to reconceive the relationship between design and user support.
1. 1 Einordnung der Partizipation (Beteiligung) Der
Informationstechnik kommt in der gegenwiirtigen Phase der
wirtschaftlichen, sozia- len und kulturellen Entwicklung der
Industriegesellschaften eine erhebliche Bedeutung zu. Sie priigt
Inhalte und Abliiufe in Wirtschaft und Verwaltung, im
Dienstleistungs- und im privaten Sektor. Schlagworte wie
informierte oder Informationsgesellschaft signalisieren die neue
Qualitiit, die mit der Nutzung moderner Informationstechnik er-
wartet oder behauptet wird. Mit der Anwendung der
Informationstechnik gehen eine Reihe von Veriinderungen ein- her
fiir diejenigen, die mit dieser Technik arbeiten, von ihr
Zuarbeit/lnformationen er- halten oder in anderer Weise mit ihr in
Beriihrung kommen. Mit ihnen haben sich eine groBe Anzahl von
Arbeiten befaBt11. Besondere A ufmerksamkeit fan den die Wirkungen
21 der Informationstechnik auf den Bereich der Arbeit, aber auch
auf die Klienten oder l Biirger. 3 - Dariiber hinaus werden
Veriinderungen generellerer Art diskutiert, die sich auf den
(mediatisierten) Realitiitsbezug, Verschiebungen in der Form und
dem Inhalt der Freizeitgestaltung und den weitergehenden
kulturellen Wandel durch die Nutzung von Informationstechnik
beziehen (vgl. Haefner 1980). Das Sichtbarwerden von un-
erwiinschten Wirkungen auf einzelne Gruppen wurde und wird zum
AniaB genommen, nach einer Beriicksichtigung der
Betroffeneninteressen bei der Anwendung der Technik zu suchen. Wir
wollen uns in dieser Arbeit mit Steuerungsmoglichkeiten der
Technik- gestaltung bei der Einfiihrung in Betrieben und
Verwaltungen befassen. Bei den verschiedenen Versuchen der Analyse
von Anwendungswirkungen fiir den di- rekten Benutzer sind sehr
unterschiedliche und z. T. widerspriichliche Ergebnisse er-
arbeitet worden.
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