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A union of Cognitive Linguistics and Sociolinguistics was bound to
happen. Both proclaim a usage-based approach to language and aim to
analyse actual language use in objective ways. Whereas
Sociolinguistics is by nature on the outlook for language in its
variety, CL can no longer afford to ignore social variation in
language as it manifests itself in the usage data. Nor can it fail
to adopt an empirical methodology that reflects variation as it
actually occurs, beyond the limited knowledge of the individual
observer. Conversely, while CL can only benefit from a heightened
sensitivity to social aspects, the rich, bottom-up theoretical
framework it has developed is likely to contribute to a much better
understanding of the meaning of variationist phenomena. This volume
brings together fifteen chapters written by prominent scholars
testifying of rich empirical and theoretizing research into the
social aspects of language variation. Taking a broad view on
Cognitive Sociolinguistics, the volume covers three main areas:
corpus-based research on language variation, cognitive cultural
models, and the ideologies of sociopolitical and socio-economic
systems.
The contributions contained in the second volume of the two-volume
set Body, Language and Mind introduce and elaborate upon the
concept of sociocultural situatedness, understood broadly as the
way in which minds and cognitive processes are shaped, both
individually and collectively, by their interaction with
socioculturally contextualized structures and practices; and,
furthermore, how these structures interact, contextually, with
language and can become embodied in it. Drawing on theoretical
concepts and analytical tools within the purview of cognitive
linguistics and related fields, the volume explores the
relationship between body, language and mind, focusing on the
complex mutually reinforcing relationships holding between the
sociocultural contextualisation of language and, inversely, the
linguistic contextualisation of culure. Stated differently, the
notion of sociocultural situatedness allows for language to be seen
as a cultural activity and at the same time as a subtle mechanism
for organizing culture and thought. The volume offers a
representative, multi- and interdisciplinary collection of new
papers on sociocultural situatedness, bringing together for the
first time a wide variety of perspectives and case studies directed
explicitly to elucidating the analytical potential of this concept
for cognitive linguists and other researchers working in allied
fields such as AI, discourse studies and cognitive anthropology.
The book brings together several core issues related to the notion
of sociocultural situatedness, some of which have been addressed
previously, although to a large degree sporadically and from a
variety of disciplinary perspectives without fully exploring the
possible analytical advantages of this concept as a tool for
investigating the role of culturally entrenched schemata in
cognition and language. In short, this is the first comprehensive
survey of sociocultural situatedness theory.
Cognitive Linguistics: Current Applications and Future Perspectives
is an up-to-date survey of recent research in Cognitive Linguistics
and its applications by prominent researchers. The volume brings
together generally accessible syntheses and special studies of
Cognitive Linguistics strands in a sizable format and is thus an
asset not only to the Cognitive Linguistics community, but also to
neighbouring disciplines and linguists in general. The volume
covers a wide range of fields and combines wide accessibility with
a highly specific information value. Key features: An excellent
source for the study of Applied Cognitive Linguistics, one of the
most popular and fastest growing areas in Linguistics.
Authoritative and detailed survey articles by leading scholars in
the field. Accessible to a general audience, yet also characterized
by a highly specific information value.
This collected volume presents radically new directions which are
emerging in cognitive lexical semantics research. A number of
papers re-ignite the polysemy vs. monosemy debate, and testify to
the fact that polysemy is no longer simply taken for granted, but
is currently a much more contested issue than it was in the 1980s
and 1990s. Other papers offer fresh perspectives on the prototype
structure of lexical categories, while generally accepted notions
about the radial network structure of categories are questioned in
papers on the development of word meaning in child language
acquisition and in diachrony. Additional topics include the
interaction of lexical and constructional meaning, and the
relationship between word meanings and the contexts in which the
words are encountered. This book is of interest to semanticists and
cognitive linguists, as well as to scholars working in the broader
field of cognitive science.
The volume offers a number of representative papers on cognitive
models that are invoked when people deal with questions of social
identity, political and economic manipulation, and more general
issues such as the genomic discourse. In line with the well-known
volume Cultural Models in Language and Thought by Holland and Quinn
(1987), the volume shows that Cognitive Linguistics has further
explored the idea that we think about social reality in terms of
models - 'cognitive/cultural models' or 'folk theories'. As in
cultural models, the present volume demonstrates that the technical
apparatus of Cognitive Linguistics can be used to analyze the
various ways our conception of social reality is shaped by
underlying cognitive and/or cultural models or patterns of thought,
and also looks into how this is done. The new inroad the volume
wants to pursue is the deliberate and explicit orientation towards
a cognitive sociolinguistics, or more generally, a cognitive
semiotics.
The book elaborates one of Roman Jakobson's many brilliant ideas,
i.e. his insight that the two cognitive strategies of the
metaphoric and the metonymic are the end-points on a continuum of
conceptualization processes. This elaboration is achieved on the
background of Lakoff and Johnson's twodomain approach, i.e. the
mapping of a source onto a target domain of conceptualization.
Further approaches dwell on different stretches of this
metaphor-metonymy continuum. Still other papers probe into the
specialized conceptual division of labor associated with both modes
of thought. Two new breakthroughs in the cognitive linguistics
approach to metaphor and metonymy have recently been developed: one
is the three-domain approach, which concentrates on the new blends
that become possible after the integration or the blending of
source and target domain elements; the other is the approach in
terms of primary scenes and subscenes which often determine the way
source and target domains interact.
"Cognitive English Grammar" is designed to be used as a textbook in
courses of English and general linguistics. It introduces the
reader to cognitive linguistic theory and shows that Cognitive
Grammar helps us to gain a better understanding of the grammar of
English. The notions of motivation and meaningfulness are central
to the approach adopted in the book. In four major parts comprising
12 chapters, "Cognitive English Grammar "integrates recent
cognitive approaches into one coherent model, allowing the analysis
of the most central constructions of English. Part I presents the
cognitive framework: conceptual and linguistic categories, their
combination in situations, the cognitive operations applied to
them, and the organisation of conceptual structures into linguistic
constructions. Part II deals with the category of things and their
linguistic structuring as nouns and noun phrases. It shows how
things are grounded in reality by means of reference, quantified by
set and scalar quantifiers, and qualified by modifiers. Part III
describes situations as temporal units of various layers:
internally, as types of situations; and externally, as located
relative to the time of speech and grounded in reality or
potentiality. Part IV looks at situations as relational units and
their structuring as sentences. Its two chapters are devoted to
event schemas and space and metaphorical extensions of
space."Cognitive English Grammar" offers a wealth of linguistic
data and explanations. The didactic quality is guaranteed by the
frequent use of definitions and examples, a glossary of the terms
used, overviews and chapter summaries, suggestions for further
reading, and study questions. For the Key to Study Questions click
here.
One of the central themes in cognitive linguistics is the uniquely
human development of some higher potential called the "mind" and,
more particularly, the intertwining of body and mind, which has
come to be known as embodiment. Several books and volumes have
explored this theme in length. However, the interaction between
culture, body and language has not received the due attention that
it deserves. Naturally, any serious exploration of the interface
between body, language and culture would require an analytical tool
that would capture the ways in which different cultural groups
conceptualize their feelings, thinking, and other experiences in
relation to body and language. A well-established notion that
appears to be promising in this direction is that of cultural
models, constituting the building blocks of a group's cultural
cognition. The volume results from an attempt to bring together a
group of scholars from various language backgrounds to make a
collective attempt to explore the relationship between body,
language and culture by focusing on conceptualizations of the heart
and other internal body organs across a number of languages. The
general aim of this venture is to explore (a) the ways in which
internal body organs have been employed in different languages to
conceptualize human experiences such as emotions and/or workings of
the mind, and (b) the cultural models that appear to account for
the observed similarities as well as differences of the various
conceptualizations of internal body organs. The volume as a whole
engages not only with linguistic analyses of terms that refer to
internal body organs across different languages but also with the
origin of the cultural models that are associated with internal
body organs in different cultural systems, such as ethnomedical and
religious traditions. Some contributions also discuss their
findings in relations to some philosophical doctrines that have
addressed the relationship between mind, body, and language, such
as that of Descartes.
As a usage-based language theory, cognitive linguistics is
predestined to have an impact on applied research in such areas as
language in society, ideology, language acquisition, language
pedagogy. The present volumes are a first systematic attempt to
carve out pathways from the links between language and cognition to
the fields of language acquisition and language pedagogy and to
deal with them in one coherent framework: applied cognitive
linguistics.
The literary works of J. R. R. Tolkien, especially
Faith and Fiction is a collection of essays which partly stems from
the 25th LAUD-Symposium on 'Metaphor and Religion' (University of
Duisburg, April 1-5, 1997). It investigates the relationship
between religious experience and the use of metaphors and thus
explores the tensions between faith and fiction. Herein, special
attention is paid to the type of situation in which the
confrontation of a community or an individual with religion is not
self-evident or even discordant. In order to address the diversity
of the problem area, the volume opts for an interdisciplinary
approach. Section I analyses 'religious metaphors' from the
viewpoint of contemporary linguistics. In section II, the
significance of metaphors in a 'meta-religious' discourse is
considered. The philosophical dialogue with religion and metaphor
is discussed in section III, and the final section submits
religious poems to a formal and interpretative examination.
This book deals with the spread of English as an academic language
in Europe and in particular its use as a language of teaching.
First, it depicts the historical development of the rise of English
in academia in the course of the 20th century. Then it focuses on
its more recently acquired function as an additional language of
teaching at university level. This comprehensive survey of European
countries, but mainly the present and future member countries of
the European Union, shows to what extent English has made inroads
as a language of university teaching, but it also provides figures
on French and German and occasionally other languages in the
teaching function. An in-depth study into the new International
Study Programs in Germany reveals both. Contents: History of the
rise of English as the dominant language of science - Comprehensive
Survey of the use of English and other languages of university
teaching in non-Anglophone European Countries - In-depth
investigation of the new international study programs in Germany -
Problems and trends in the use of English and other languages of
university teaching.
This is a comprehensive descriptive grammar of Trio, a Cariban
language, spoken in the remote rainforest of Suriname and along the
border in Brazil. Typologically interesting features of Trio
include a basic word order Object-Verb-Subject and a system of
evidentiality that expresses whether or not the speaker was
eye-witness to an event. Trio has several grammatical morphemes
that mirror the group's conceptualization of the world of the
visible and the invisible in which they live; one is a fascimile
marker that expresses that the denotee of a noun is manifestly but
not intrinsically that denotee; the role of the individual in
contributing to a harmonious collective, recognized by
anthropologists as a salient aspect of Amazonian life, is expressed
by two « responsibility clitics. This grammar will be a valuable
source-book for linguists, anthropologists, and everyone interested
in the finer points of Guianan-Amazonian languages.
Media matters to politicians, celebrities, advertisers, teachers,
and to anyone who depends on media for information, or finds
themselves affected by their representations and images. A detailed
linguistic analysis of media enriches our understanding of the
power of language and informs readers how they are positioned by
such linguistic representations. This book is concerned with the
analysis of language in various media and textual examples from
talk-back television chat shows, advertisements, editorials and
news stories are used to provide a critical awareness of language
in the media. The linguistic elements examined encompass rhetorical
structures, semiotics, back channeling cues, and sequencing.
Readers will have a better understanding of media language analysis
and the theories that underpin it. Some of the papers were
originally presented at an International Conference on Language and
Communication in the Media and held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from
April 27-29, 2004. Other papers have been solicited.
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