Adjudicative competence remains an important topic of research and practice in psychology and law. In the five sections of Adjudicative Competence: The MacArthur Studies, the authors present not only a summary of the research of the MacArthur studies on competence but also an examination of the underlying theoretical work of Professor Richard Bonnie. It is the first publication to encapsulate the scope and significance of both the studies themselves and Bonnie's contributions. There is no other source available that addresses this range of topics. Given its breadth and scope, this book will be a "must have" for forensic mental health professionals, an important volume for lawyers, and a vital academic reference work.

Adjudicative competence remains an important topic of research and practice in psychology and law. In the five sections of Adjudicative Competence: The MacArthur Studies, the authors present not only a summary of the research of the MacArthur studies on competence but also an examination of the underlying theoretical work of Professor Richard Bonnie. It is the first publication to encapsulate the scope and significance of both the studies themselves and Bonnie's contributions. There is no other source available that addresses this range of topics.
Given its breadth and scope, this book will be a "must have" for forensic mental health professionals, an important volume for lawyers, and a vital academic reference work.

Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction PART I: PAIN MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH 2 Pain Management and the Intersection of Pain and Opioid Use Disorder 3 Progress and Future Directions in Research on Pain and Opioid Use Disorder PART II: ADDRESSING THE OPIOID EPIDEMIC 4 Trends in Opioid Use, Harms, and Treatment 5 Evidence on Strategies for Addressing the Opioid Epidemic 6 Opioid Approval and Monitoring by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration APPENDIXES Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Consultants Appendix C: Existing Data Sources on Opioid Use, Misuse, Overdose, and Other Harms

Injuries are the leading cause of death and disability among people under age 35 in the United States. Despite great strides in injury prevention over the decades, injuries result in 150,000 deaths, 2.6 million hospitalizations, and 36 million visits to the emergency room each year. Reducing the Burden of Injury describes the cost and magnitude of the injury problem in America and looks critically at the current response by the public and private sectors, including: Data and surveillance needs. Research priorities. Trauma care systems development. Infrastructure support, including training for injury professionals. Firearm safety. Coordination among federal agencies. The authors define the field of injury and establish boundaries for the field regarding intentional injuries. This book highlights the crosscutting nature of the injury field, identifies opportunities to leverage resources and expertise of the numerous parties involved, and discusses issues regarding leadership at the federal level. Table of Contents Front Matter Executive Summary 1 The Injury Field 2 Magnitude and Cost 3 Surveillance and Data 4 Prevention Research 5 Case Studies on Prevention 6 Trauma Care 7 State and Community Response 8 Federal Response 9 Challenges and Opportunities Appendix A: Acknowledgments Appendix B: Timeline Appendix C: Public Meeting Agenda Appendix D: Acronyms Index

Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.

In February 1954, President Eisenhower invited Chief Justice Warren to dinner at the White House. Among the guests were well-known opponents of school desegregation. During that evening, Eisenhower commented to Warren that "law and force cannot change a man's heart." Three months later, however, the Supreme Court handed down its unanimous decision in "Brown," and the contributors to this book, like people across the country, were profoundly changed by it, even though many saw almost nothing change in their communities.

What "Brown" did was to elevate race from the country's dirty secret to its most urgent topic of conversation. This book stands alone in presenting, in one source, stories of black and white Americans, men and women, from all parts of the nation, who were public school students during the years immediately after "Brown." All shared an epiphany. Some became aware of race and the burden of racial separation. Others dared to hope that the yoke of racial oppression would at last be lifted.

The editors surveyed 4750 law professors born between 1936 and 1954, received 1000 responses, and derived these forty essays from those willing to write personal accounts of their childhood experiences in the classroom and in their communities. Their moving stories of how "Brown" affected them say much about race relations then and now. They also provide a picture of how social change can shape the careers of an entire generation in one profession.

Contributors provide accounts from across the nation. Represented are
-de jure states, those segregated by law at the time of Brown, including Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, as well as the District of Columbia
-de facto states, those where segregation was illegal but a common practice, including California, Illinois, Kansas, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Since the late 1970s when Congressman Claude Pepper held widely publicized hearings on the mistreatment of the elderly, policy makers and practitioners have sought ways to protect older Americans from physical, psychological, and financial abuse. Yet, during the last 20 years fewer than 50 articles have addressed the shameful problem that abusers?and sometimes the abused themselves?want to conceal. Elder Mistreatment in an Aging America takes a giant step toward broadening our understanding of the mistreatment of the elderly and recommends specific research and funding strategies that can be used to deepen it. The book includes a discussion of the conceptual, methodological, and logistical issues needed to create a solid research base as well as the ethical concerns that must be considered when working with older subjects. It also looks at problems in determination of a report's reliability and the role of physicians, EMTs, and others who are among the first to recognize situations of mistreatment. Elder Mistreatment in an Aging America will be of interest to anyone concerned about the elderly and ways to intervene when abuse is suspected, including family members, caregivers, and advocates for the elderly. It will also be of interest to researchers, research sponsors, and policy makers who need to know how to advance our knowledge of this problem. Table of Contents Front Matter Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Concepts, Definitions, and Guidelines for Measurement 3 A Theoretical Model of Elder Mistreatment 4 The Occurrence of Elder Mistreatment 5 Risk Factors for Elder Mistreatment 6 Screening and Case Identification in Clinical Settings 7 Evaluating Interventions 8 Research Ethics 9 Moving Forward References APPENDIX A Elder Mistreatment Measures and Studies APPENDIX B Analysis of Elder Abuse and Neglect Definitions Under State Law APPENDIX C Elder Abuse and Neglect: History and Concepts APPENDIX D Biographical Sketches 10 Elder Mistreatment: Epidemiological Assessment Methodology 11 Ethical and Policy Issues in Research on Elder Abuse and Neglect 12 The Clinical and Medical Forensics of Elder Abuse and Neglect 13 Financial Abuse of the Elderly in Domestic Settings 14 Elder Abuse in Residential Long-Term Care Settings: What Is Known and What Information Is Needed? 15 Elder Abuse Intervention: Lessons from Child Abuse and Domestic Violence Initiatives Index

This casebook first presents clinical background and summarizes the history of the insanity defense. The heart of the book features extensive excerpts of testimony from the trial of John W. Hinckley Jr., and draws out the widely contrasting accounts of Hinckley's psychiatric condition, motivations, and legal responsibility at the time of the offense. The text then reviews public reactions to the verdict, poses comments and questions about the trial, and summarizes the legislative reforms of insanity defense that followed the verdict. The book concludes by reviewing the 35-year period of judicial oversight of Hinckley's hospitalization, treatment, outpatient supervision and release.

CasebookPlus Hardbound - New, hardbound print book includes lifetime digital access to an eBook, with the ability to highlight and take notes, and 12-month access to a digital Learning Library that includes self-assessment quizzes tied to this book, leading study aids, an outline starter, and Gilbert Law Dictionary.

This casebook features rigorous analysis of legal doctrine positioned against a backdrop of cultural and political debate. Its core is the act and mental state requirements of both the common law and the Model Penal Code. Topics of current interest include sexual assault, stand-your-ground laws, battered woman's syndrome, the insanity defense, and capital punishment. The chapter on liability for the conduct of another is completely new. It integrates treatment of two doctrinal paths to that result, complicity and conspiracy, beginning with the Supreme Court's 2014 Rosemond decision and combining consideration of other doctrines common to both.

Young adulthood - ages approximately 18 to 26 - is a critical period of development with long-lasting implications for a person's economic security, health and well-being. Young adults are key contributors to the nation's workforce and military services and, since many are parents, to the healthy development of the next generation. Although 'millennials' have received attention in the popular media in recent years, young adults are too rarely treated as a distinct population in policy, programs, and research. Instead, they are often grouped with adolescents or, more often, with all adults. Currently, the nation is experiencing economic restructuring, widening inequality, a rapidly rising ratio of older adults, and an increasingly diverse population. The possible transformative effects of these features make focus on young adults especially important. A systematic approach to understanding and responding to the unique circumstances and needs of today's young adults can help to pave the way to a more productive and equitable tomorrow for young adults in particular and our society at large. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults describes what is meant by the term young adulthood, who young adults are, what they are doing, and what they need. This study recommends actions that nonprofit programs and federal, state, and local agencies can take to help young adults make a successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. According to this report, young adults should be considered as a separate group from adolescents and older adults. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults makes the case that increased efforts to improve high school and college graduate rates and education and workforce development systems that are more closely tied to high-demand economic sectors will help this age group achieve greater opportunity and success. The report also discusses the health status of young adults and makes recommendations to develop evidence-based practices for young adults for medical and behavioral health, including preventions. What happens during the young adult years has profound implications for the rest of the life course, and the stability and progress of society at large depends on how any cohort of young adults fares as a whole. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults will provide a roadmap to improving outcomes for this age group as they transition from adolescence to adulthood.

The nation has made tremendous progress in reducing tobacco use during the past 40 years. Despite extensive knowledge about successful interventions, however, approximately one-quarter of American adults still smoke. Tobacco-related illnesses and death place a huge burden on our society. Ending the Tobacco Problem generates a blueprint for the nation in the struggle to reduce tobacco use. The report reviews effective prevention and treatment interventions and considers a set of new tobacco control policies for adoption by federal and state governments. Carefully constructed with two distinct parts, the book first provides background information on the history and nature of tobacco use, developing the context for the policy blueprint proposed in the second half of the report. The report documents the extraordinary growth of tobacco use during the first half of the 20th century as well as its subsequent reversal in the mid-1960s (in the wake of findings from the Surgeon General). It also reviews the addictive properties of nicotine, delving into the factors that make it so difficult for people to quit and examines recent trends in tobacco use. In addition, an overview of the development of governmental and nongovernmental tobacco control efforts is provided. After reviewing the ethical grounding of tobacco control, the second half of the book sets forth to present a blueprint for ending the tobacco problem. The book offers broad-reaching recommendations targeting federal, state, local, nonprofit and for-profit entities. This book also identifies the benefits to society when fully implementing effective tobacco control interventions and policies. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary Introduction 1 Epidemiology of Tobacco Use: History and Current Trends 2 Factors Perpetuating the Tobacco Problem 3 Containing the Tobacco Problem 4 Reducing Tobacco Use: A Policy Framework 5 Strengthening Traditional Tobacco Control Measures 6 Changing the Regulatory Landscape 7 New Frontiers of Tobacco Control Index Appendix A: Comprehensive Smoking Cessation Policy for All Smokers: Systems Integration to Save Lives and Money Appendix B: Clean Air Laws Appendix C: Warning Labels and Packaging Appendix D: The Long-Term Promise of Effective School-Based Smoking Prevention Programs Appendix E: Adolescents' and Young Adults' Perceptions of Tobacco Use: A Review and Critique of the Current Literature Appendix F: Interventions for Children and Youth in the Health Care Setting Appendix G: Reducing and Preventing Tobacco Use Among Pregnant Women, Parents, and Families Appendix H:Smoking in the Movies: Its Impact on Youth and Youth Smoking Appendix I: State Statutes Governing Direct Shipment of Alcoholic Beverages to Consumers: Precedents for Regulating Tobacco Retail Shipments Appendix J: The Role of Public Policies in Reducing Smoking Prevalence: Results from the SimSmoke Tobacco Policy Simulation Model Appendix K: Commissioned Simulation Modeling of Smoking Prevalence as an Outcome of Selected Tobacco Control Measures Appendix L: Controlling the Retail Sales Environment: Access, Advertising, and Promotional Activities Appendix M: Sales and Marketing of Cigarettes on the Internet: Emerging Threats to Tobacco Control and Promising Policy Solutions Appendix N: Media Campaigns and Tobacco Control Appendix O: Advocacy as a Tobacco Control Strategy Appendix P: Special Populations with Higher Rates of Cigarette Smoking: Identification and Implications for Tobacco Control

Alcohol use by young people is extremely dangerous - both to themselves and society at large. Underage alcohol use is associated with traffic fatalities, violence, unsafe sex, suicide, educational failure, and other problem behaviors that diminish the prospects of future success, as well as health risks ? and the earlier teens start drinking, the greater the danger. Despite these serious concerns, the media continues to make drinking look attractive to youth, and it remains possible and even easy for teenagers to get access to alcohol. Why is this dangerous behavior so pervasive? What can be done to prevent it? What will work and who is responsible for making sure it happens? Reducing Underage Drinking addresses these questions and proposes a new way to combat underage alcohol use. It explores the ways in which may different individuals and groups contribute to the problem and how they can be enlisted to prevent it. Reducing Underage Drinking will serve as both a game plan and a call to arms for anyone with an investment in youth health and safety. Table of Contents Front Matter Executive Summary 1. Introduction: The Challenge I. Underage Drinking in the United States - 2. Characteristics of Underage Drinking 3. Consquences of Underage Drinking 4. Understanding Youth Drinking II. The Strategy - 5. Designing the Strategy 6. National Media Campaign 7. Alcohol Industry 8. Entertainment Industries 9. Access 10. Youth-Oriented Interventions 11. Communities 12. Federal and State Governments References Appendix A: Statement of Task Appendix B: Agenda and Participants, October 10-11, 2002, Public Workshop Appendix C: Agenda and Participants, November 18, 2002, Open Committee Meeting and Public Forum Appendix D: Other Public Contributors Appendix E: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff Index 1 The Epidemiology of Underage Drinking in the United States: An Overview--Robert L. Flewelling, Mallie J. Paschall, and Christopher Ringwalt 2 Social, Health, and Economic Consequences of Underage Drinking--Ralph Hingson and Donald Kenkel 3 Health Consequences of Adolescent Alcohol Involvement--Sandra A. Brown and Susan F. Tapert 4 Developmental and Environmental Influences on Underage Drinking: A General Overview--Bonnie L. Halpern-Felsher and Michael Biehl 5 Perceptions of Risk and Social Judgments: Biases and Motivational Factors--Janis E. Jacobs 6 Alcohol Use and Misuse: Prevention Strategies with Minors--William Hansen and Linda Dusenbury 7 Supply Side Approaches to Reducing Underage Drinking: An Assessment of the Scientific Evidence--Harold D. Holder 8 Effectiveness of Sanctions and Law Enforcement Practices Targeted at Underage Drinking Not Involving Operation of a Motor Vehicle--Thomas L. Hafemeister and Shelly L. Jackson 9 The Effects of Price on Alcohol Use, Abuse, and Their Consequences--Frank J. Chaloupka 10 Media Intervention Impact: Evidence and Promising Strategies--Charles Atkin 11 Alcohol in the Media: Drinking Portrayals, Alcohol Advertising, and Alcohol Consumption Among Youth--Joel W. Grube 12 Alcohol Advertising and Promotion--David Jernigan and James O'Hara 13 Drinking and Coming of Age in a Cross-Cultural Perspective--Robin Room 14 Preventing Underage Drinking in American Indian and Alaska Native Communities: Contexts, Epidemiology, and Culture--Douglas K. Novins, Paul Spicer, Janette Beals, and Spero M. Manson 15 Teen Treatment: Addressing Alcohol Problems Among Adolescents--Rosalind Brannigan, Mathea Falco, Linda Dusenbury, and William B. Hansen 16 Youth Smoking Prevention Policy: Lessons Learned and Continuing Challenges--Paula M. Lantz