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Never before had France had a church council so large: almost 1000
churchmen assembled at Bourges on 29 November 1225 to authorize a
tax on their incomes in support of the Second Albigensian Crusade.
About one third of the participants were representatives sent by
corporate bodies, in accordance with a new provision of canon law
that insisted, for the first time ever, that there should be no
taxation without representation. Basing himself on the rich
surviving records, Professor Kay paints a skilful portrait of this
council: the political manoeuvering by the papal legate to ensure
the tax went through, and his use of this highly public occasion to
humiliate members of the University of Paris; and, on the other
hand, his failure to win a permanent endowment to support the papal
bureaucracy, the bishops' effective protests against the pope's
threat to diminish their jurisdiction over monasteries, and a
subsequent 'taxpayers' revolt' that challenged the validity of the
tax. The book also draws out the importance and implications of
what took place, highlighting the council's place at the
fountainhead of European representative democracy, the impact of
the decisions made on the course of the Albigensian Crusade, the
reform of monasticism, and the funding of the papal government
which was left to rely on stop-gap expedients, such as the sale of
indulgences. In addition, the author suggests that the corpus of
texts, newly edited from the original manuscripts and with English
translation, could be seen as a model for the revision of the
conciliar corpus, most of which still remains based on 18th-century
scholarship.
The controlled clinical trial has become an essential part of the
clinician's decision-making process. Clinical trials, however,
still raise methodological problems that are important and at the
same time controversial: subgroup analysis and interactions,
meta-analy sis of similar trials, consideration of subjective
clinical opinions and those of the public at large, assessment of
quality of life, pre vention trials, and so on. In February 1987 we
took our third step along the road to evaluating these issues in
dialogues between cli nicians, psychologists, legal experts, and
statisticians. The talks presented at the meeting were revised by
the authors afterwards and have been rearranged by the editors to
form a strictly organ 1 2 ized book. The two preceding meetings in
1978 and 1981 focused strongly on adjuvant therapy in primary
breast cancer, but this top ic served merely as a nucleus in the
third meeting. This meeting, although called the Third Heidelberg
Symposium was forced to leave Heidelberg and in fact was held in
Freiburg. Without the interest and enthusiasm of Professor Martin
Schu macher and his colleagues in Freiburg the meeting would never
have taken place. The meeting was generously supported again by the
Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (Bundesministe rium
flir Forschung und Technologie, BMFT) within the framework of the
West German BMFT Breast Cancer Study Group. We are grateful, in
particular, to Mr. Hans W. Herzog for his personal in volvement.
Juni 1988 H. Scheurlen, R. Kay, M."
Addiction to Comfort SECRETS OF ALWAYS MAKING APPROPRIATE MORAL
CHOICES? In regard to all Addictions, I find it is impossible to
arrive at an objective and constant standard of truth and morality
without bringing Jesus Christ onto the podium. If an important
standard of truth and morality exists, it cannot be the product of
the sinner, or it will not be impartial or decisive. It must be the
result of a far greater Mind, that of the Christ Jesus. If a
constant and unchanging truth exists, it must be beyond human
timelines, or it will not be continuous, it must be everlasting. If
a universal choice of "right versus wrong" exists, it must go
beyond individual understanding, or it will not be "universal." It
must be above us all. However, absolute truth must be something or
someone to free the addicted that is common to all humanity, and to
creation. All is found in one person, and He Jesus Christ is the
source of all truth. He is the secret of always making appropriate
moral choices.....For in each conflict we have....positions' us in
charge of determining what, is the correct moral choice we can put
forward? If our instant thought and or our comeback is that of
self-deceptive "ends justify the means," your determination is
flawed. If your response may be however difficult, but you choose
to preserve and improve not only your own human life, integrity and
self-respect, you have chosen not to take over Gods role as Creator
and Sovereignty over your conflict. Be hopeful and please God, but
never partake as God. ...... RICHARD KAY
Addiction to Comfort SECRETS OF ALWAYS MAKING APPROPRIATE MORAL
CHOICES? In regard to all Addictions, I find it is impossible to
arrive at an objective and constant standard of truth and morality
without bringing Jesus Christ onto the podium. If an important
standard of truth and morality exists, it cannot be the product of
the sinner, or it will not be impartial or decisive. It must be the
result of a far greater Mind, that of the Christ Jesus. If a
constant and unchanging truth exists, it must be beyond human
timelines, or it will not be continuous, it must be everlasting. If
a universal choice of "right versus wrong" exists, it must go
beyond individual understanding, or it will not be "universal." It
must be above us all. However, absolute truth must be something or
someone to free the addicted that is common to all humanity, and to
creation. All is found in one person, and He Jesus Christ is the
source of all truth. He is the secret of always making appropriate
moral choices.....For in each conflict we have....positions' us in
charge of determining what, is the correct moral choice we can put
forward? If our instant thought and or our comeback is that of
self-deceptive "ends justify the means," your determination is
flawed. If your response may be however difficult, but you choose
to preserve and improve not only your own human life, integrity and
self-respect, you have chosen not to take over Gods role as Creator
and Sovereignty over your conflict. Be hopeful and please God, but
never partake as God. ...... RICHARD KAY
WHEN BLACK AND WHITE BECOME GRAY Whether we talk about "Right from
Wrong," "Good from Evil," "Black and White in contradiction of
Gray," "Capitalism in opposition to Socialism," "Conservatives in
opposition to Liberalism," "Humanism, Secularism or Naturalism
versus Christianity," and leading the horde "Atheism" opposing all
and anyone believing in the Christian values of the originator
Jesus Christ, as taken from Scriptures of the Holy Bible and formed
into our Constitution. The lack of legitimate authority caused by
the denial of God reinforces the Christian's belief that God must
be recognized as ruler in every sphere, including local and federal
governmental politics. We are now seeing violations taking hold in
this 21st century by men who want new awe-inspiring laws that bind
man to authority, with exception of mans pleasure, fitness or
convenience, which is not binding at all. The twentieth-century
should have taught Americans that even the most basic of human
rights cannot exist yet again and again apart from an absolute
Christian standard. This standard is given to you in this book. Who
is sovereign, and to whom is man responsible to? This source of
sovereignty resides only in following Jesus Christ, and has been
for over two-hundred and thirty-four years in America and is still,
if we in simple terms want this very source of American freedom.
But if sovereignty resides in government, whether a monarchy or a
democracy, behaving in an overbearing dictatorial way, man has no
appeal beyond the law of the state, and has no source of Christian
truths, principles and ethics. Leading only into oppression and
totalitarianism, Freedom, first of all is a question of
self-determination and responsibility. In the two-years it took to
do research, study and having the strength or tendency to condense
not by opinion but by history, common sense and reality regarding,
"Capitalism," "Atheism," "Socialism" and the strategy used by
Marxists liberals to overthrow our American freedoms.
WHEN BLACK AND WHITE BECOME GRAY Whether we talk about "Right from
Wrong," "Good from Evil," "Black and White in contradiction of
Gray," "Capitalism in opposition to Socialism," "Conservatives in
opposition to Liberalism," "Humanism, Secularism or Naturalism
versus Christianity," and leading the horde "Atheism" opposing all
and anyone believing in the Christian values of the originator
Jesus Christ, as taken from Scriptures of the Holy Bible and formed
into our Constitution. The lack of legitimate authority caused by
the denial of God reinforces the Christian's belief that God must
be recognized as ruler in every sphere, including local and federal
governmental politics. We are now seeing violations taking hold in
this 21st century by men who want new awe-inspiring laws that bind
man to authority, with exception of mans pleasure, fitness or
convenience, which is not binding at all. The twentieth-century
should have taught Americans that even the most basic of human
rights cannot exist yet again and again apart from an absolute
Christian standard. This standard is given to you in this book. Who
is sovereign, and to whom is man responsible to? This source of
sovereignty resides only in following Jesus Christ, and has been
for over two-hundred and thirty-four years in America and is still,
if we in simple terms want this very source of American freedom.
But if sovereignty resides in government, whether a monarchy or a
democracy, behaving in an overbearing dictatorial way, man has no
appeal beyond the law of the state, and has no source of Christian
truths, principles and ethics. Leading only into oppression and
totalitarianism, Freedom, first of all is a question of
self-determination and responsibility. In the two-years it took to
do research, study and having the strength or tendency to condense
not by opinion but by history, common sense and reality regarding,
"Capitalism," "Atheism," "Socialism" and the strategy used by
Marxists liberals to overthrow our American freedoms.
"Reasoning with the Unreasonable" is a book written to take into
account the question of Doubt, Denial and Defamation. Whether or
not and to what extent the American people of this generation is
capable of carrying out the responsibilities in protecting all of
God's moral code of laws and establishing for the world to see that
our founding fathers sowed the seeds for peace on earth.
"Reasoning with the Unreasonable" is a book written to take into
account the question of Doubt, Denial and Defamation. Whether or
not and to what extent the American people of this generation is
capable of carrying out the responsibilities in protecting all of
God's moral code of laws and establishing for the world to see that
our founding fathers sowed the seeds for peace on earth.
Dante's Comedy is a puzzling poem because the author wanted to lead
his readers to understanding by engaging their curiosity. While
many obscure matters are clarified in the course of the poem
itself, others have remained enigmas that have fascinated Dantists
for centuries. Over the last thirty-five years, Richard Kay has
proposed original solutions to many of these puzzles; these are
collected in the present volume. Historical context frames Kay's
readings, which relate the poem to such standard sources as the
Bible, Aristotle, Aquinas, and the Latin classics, but he also goes
beyond these Scholastic sources to exploit Dante's use of less
familiar aspects of Latin clerical culture, including physiognomy,
Vitruvian proportions, and optics, and most especially astrology.
Kay explores new ways to read the Comedy. For instance, he argues
that Dante has embedded references to his authorities in a
continuous series of acrostics formed by the initial letters of
each tercet. Again, he shows how Dante returns to the theme of each
infernal canto and develops it in the parallel cantos of Purgatorio
and Paradiso. Particularly worthy of note are four essays on the
poem's finale in the Empyrean.
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