Munch and his colleagues examine how democracy works in the practice of political regulation. Based on empirical research on the politics of clean air in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and the United States, they provide a comparative sociological perspective. Thus, they look at social change and social integration rather than issues of governance and administration in terms of effectiveness and democratic legitimation.

The analysis looks at how different forms of democracy given in the four countries achieve more or less in the political regulation of clean air in terms of societal innovation, conflict settlement, and consensus formation. They concentrate on the network of actors involved, their professions included with their concepts of rationality, the institutional rules of policymaking, and the cultural ideas that are invoked in the legitimation of procedures and decisions. While each country has developed a peculiar form of democracy-representative democracy in the UK, etatist-republican democracy in France, consensus and rule of law democracy in Germany, and multilevel pluralist competitive democracy in the US-they conclude that challenges of the established regulatory style and political order are pushing each country towards a more open democracy. Scholars and students in comparative sociology and political science as well as environmentalists will find the study of particular interest.

First Published in 1988, this volume works towards a new understanding and exploration of the rise and development of modern society, taking its lead from two classical theorists, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber. The key concept of this approach is the 'interpenetration' of different spheres of action. Richard Munch begins with an exploration of the points of convergence and divergence in the works of Durkheim and Weber. He then builds, from Durkheim, a new theory of social order as a complex set of ordering, dynamizing, identity-producing and goal-setting factors. Munch also constructs a new theory of personality development, based on Durkheim's view of the duality of human nature. He concludes by assessing weber's contribution to our understanding of how modern social order emerged, showing that the unique features of modern society emerged from the 'interpenetration' of cultural, political, communal and economic spheres in action.

First Published in 1988, this volume works towards a new understanding and exploration of the rise and development of modern society, taking its lead from two classical theorists, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber. The key concept of this approach is the 'interpenetration' of different spheres of action. Richard Munch begins with an exploration of the points of convergence and divergence in the works of Durkheim and Weber. He then builds, from Durkheim, a new theory of social order as a complex set of ordering, dynamizing, identity-producing and goal-setting factors. Munch also constructs a new theory of personality development, based on Durkheim's view of the duality of human nature. He concludes by assessing weber's contribution to our understanding of how modern social order emerged, showing that the unique features of modern society emerged from the 'interpenetration' of cultural, political, communal and economic spheres in action.

This book provides a critical analysis of the neoliberal reform agenda of the economic governance of schools. Focusing on the role of the United States in this process, it explores the transformation of schools in this agenda from educational establishments to enterprises in a competitive education market. The study uses Bourdieu to apply a field-theoretical framework to a detailed empirical analysis of the current changes of school government. Chapters explore education bureaucracy, reform and the effect of outside organizations on pedagogy and testing. The book reveals how far the promises of corporate education reform are from reality and concludes with a plea for a realistic view of school's capabilities. It goes beyond the state of the art with its focus on how the governance of education, school and instruction is changing with the replacement of educracy by an education-industrial complex. The book will be of great interest for academics, postgraduate students, administrators and politicians in the field of education policy, the governance of school systems and schools. The book also has an international appeal as it studies a global transformation of the field of education.

This book investigates the intensifying struggle for excellence between universities in a globalized academic field. The rise of the entrepreneurial university and academic capitalism are superimposing themselves on the competition of scientists for progress of knowledge and recognition by the scientific community. The result is a sharpening institutional stratification of the field. This stratification is produced and continuously reproduced by the intensified struggle for funds with the shrinking of block grants and the growing significance of competitive funding, as well as the increasing impact of international and national rankings on academic research and teaching. The increased allocation of funds on the basis of performance leads to overinvestment of resources at the small top and underinvestment for the broad mass of universities in the middle and lower ranks. There is a curvilinear inverted u-shaped relationship of investments and returns in terms of knowledge production. Paradoxically, the intrusion of the economic logic and measures of managerial controlling into the academic field imply increasing inefficiency in the allocation of resources to universities. The top institutions suffer from overinvestment, the rank-and-file institutions from underinvestment. The economic inefficiency is accompanied by a shrinking potential for renewal and open knowledge evolution.

This book contributes to the literature on the change of governance in the context of its European multilevel organization. The integration of Europe is a process of fundamental social change: a process of constructing a European society and of deconstructing the national societies. Munch demonstrates that there is a movement away from republican and representative features of a democracy and towards liberal and pluralistic features. The book illustrates this change in the nature of European political regulation, European jurisdiction and the intellectual debates in France, Germany and Britain on legitimising the emerging system of multilevel governance. He discusses how far the new European regime of liberal governmentality converges with the US-American type of constitutional liberalism. Following a sociological approach, the book focuses on identifying the causes, features and consequences of the fundamental social change taking place in the process of European integration. This book will be of interest to scholars and graduate students from political science, sociology, law and philosophy interested in political theory, comparative politics, international relations and political communication as well as practitioners of policy-making in governments, administration, parties, associations and the media.

This book examines the increasingly international division of labour, which promotes transnational integration. It analyses the change in worker solidarity as it moves from collective national welfare to a transnational inclusion of workers from various links in the production chain.

Examining three types of welfare regimes within the USA, Germany, Denmark and Sweden, the author addresses how and why globalization is furthering the change from the welfare state to the competition state. The book considers in particular the change to solidarity taking place because of the internationalization of labour division; a change away from the segmented and differentiated system of nation states with strong internal national solidarity to broader, more inclusive and cross-border labour identity and inclusion. Analysing the deeper moral consequences of a globalised labour society, such as the paradigms of inclusion and justice, this book considers the implications of transnational labour on national welfare politics, and looks at the increasing significance of the transnational and national politics of inclusion in social policy, education, minority rights, immigration and gender equality.

Inclusion and Exclusion in the Liberal Competition State will be of interest to scholars and students of political science, sociology and social policy studying welfare state change.

This book investigates the intensifying struggle for excellence between universities in a globalized academic field. The rise of the entrepreneurial university and academic capitalism are superimposing themselves on the competition of scientists for progress of knowledge and recognition by the scientific community. The result is a sharpening institutional stratification of the field. This stratification is produced and continuously reproduced by the intensified struggle for funds with the shrinking of block grants and the growing significance of competitive funding, as well as the increasing impact of international and national rankings on academic research and teaching. The increased allocation of funds on the basis of performance leads to overinvestment of resources at the small top and underinvestment for the broad mass of universities in the middle and lower ranks. There is a curvilinear inverted u-shaped relationship of investments and returns in terms of knowledge production. Paradoxically, the intrusion of the economic logic and measures of managerial controlling into the academic field imply increasing inefficiency in the allocation of resources to universities. The top institutions suffer from overinvestment, the rank-and-file institutions from underinvestment. The economic inefficiency is accompanied by a shrinking potential for renewal and open knowledge evolution.

This book looks at the types of new research organizations that drive scientific innovation and how ground-breaking science transforms research fields and their organization. Based on historical case studies and comparative empirical data, the book presents new and thought-provoking evidence that improves our knowledge and understanding about how new research fields are formed and how research organizations adapt to breakthroughs in science. While the book is firmly based in science history, it discusses more general sociological and policy propositions regarding scientific innovations and organizational change. The volume brings together leading scholars both from the United States and Europe.

Based on intensive, long-term study, this comparative book traces the role of ethics in the formation of modernity in four Western nations (the US, Britain, France, and Germany). Munch s analysis spans several centuries of historical and political development. While ethics has played a clear role in the West s transition to modernity, he shows that its role has varied substantially and that it has influenced the development of each nation s political and social institutions. The book begins with an assessment of the ethics of the West in contrast with the East. Munch then looks at the formation of the ethics of modernity from ancient Judaism to ascetic Protestantism and modern secularized culture. The Ethics of Modernity builds a systematic reconstruction of the ethical formation of modernity in its different stages and variations, concluding with current globalization trends.

This book examines the increasingly international division of labour, which promotes transnational integration. It analyses the change in worker solidarity as it moves from collective national welfare to a transnational inclusion of workers from various links in the production chain.

Examining three types of welfare regimes within the USA, Germany, Denmark and Sweden, the author addresses how and why globalization is furthering the change from the welfare state to the competition state. The book considers in particular the change to solidarity taking place because of the internationalization of labour division; a change away from the segmented and differentiated system of nation states with strong internal national solidarity to broader, more inclusive and cross-border labour identity and inclusion. Analysing the deeper moral consequences of a globalised labour society, such as the paradigms of inclusion and justice, this book considers the implications of transnational labour on national welfare politics, and looks at the increasing significance of the transnational and national politics of inclusion in social policy, education, minority rights, immigration and gender equality.

Inclusion and Exclusion in the Liberal Competition State will be of interest to scholars and students of political science, sociology and social policy studying welfare state change.

This book contributes to the literature on the change of governance in the context of its European multilevel organization. The integration of Europe is a process of fundamental social change: a process of constructing a European society and of deconstructing the national societies.

M?nch demonstrates that there is a movement away from republican and representative features of a democracy and towards liberal and pluralistic features. The book illustrates this change in the nature of European political regulation, European jurisdiction and the intellectual debates in France, Germany and Britain on legitimising the emerging system of multilevel governance. He discusses how far the new European regime of liberal governmentality converges with the US-American type of constitutional liberalism. Following a sociological approach, the book focuses on identifying the causes, features and consequences of the fundamental social change taking place in the process of European integration.

This book will be of interest to scholars and graduate students from political science, sociology, law and philosophy interested in political theory, comparative politics, international relations and political communication as well as practitioners of policy-making in governments, administration, parties, associations and the media.

Global free trade is one of the most controversial phenomena of our time. Richard Munch offers a new theory of global labour division to explain deeper transformations in the production and distribution of wealth brought about by global free trade. He then carries out and analyzes empirical investigations based on this theory.

This book provides a critical analysis of the neoliberal reform agenda of the economic governance of schools. Focusing on the role of the United States in this process, it explores the transformation of schools in this agenda from educational establishments to enterprises in a competitive education market. The study uses Bourdieu to apply a field-theoretical framework to a detailed empirical analysis of the current changes of school government. Chapters explore education bureaucracy, reform and the effect of outside organizations on pedagogy and testing. The book reveals how far the promises of corporate education reform are from reality and concludes with a plea for a realistic view of school's capabilities. It goes beyond the state of the art with its focus on how the governance of education, school and instruction is changing with the replacement of educracy by an education-industrial complex. The book will be of great interest for academics, postgraduate students, administrators and politicians in the field of education policy, the governance of school systems and schools. The book also has an international appeal as it studies a global transformation of the field of education.

This book looks at the types of new research organizations that drive scientific innovation and how ground-breaking science transforms research fields and their organization. Based on historical case studies and comparative empirical data, the book presents new and thought-provoking evidence that improves our knowledge and understanding about how new research fields are formed and how research organizations adapt to breakthroughs in science. While the book is firmly based in science history, it discusses more general sociological and policy propositions regarding scientific innovations and organizational change. The volume brings together leading scholars both from the United States and Europe.

Das Sonderheft nimmt die Jahrhundertwende zum Anlass, um uber den Stand der Forschung in der deutschsprachigen Soziologie zu reflektieren. Namhafte Autorinnen und Autoren haben hierfur Sammelbesprechungen zum Stand der Forschung in verschiedenen Teildisziplinen verfasst. Dabei ging es ihnen auch um die Einbettung der deutschsprachigen Literatur in den internationalen, vornehmlich angelsachsischen Kontext. Die Rezensionsform der Beitrage bietet daruber hinaus eine Hinfuhrung an soziologische Standardwerke, die auch fur Studierende sehr informativ ist. Aus der Presse: "Verdienstvoll(e ...) Bilanz" (Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 3.1.2001)"

Das vorliegende Buch solI in die Soziologie der Politik einfiihren. Ein Einfiihrungsbuch ist kein Lehrbuch. Diese Unterscheidung mochte ich nachdriicklich unterstreichen. Von einem Lehrbuch iiber ein Wis- senschaftsgebiet erwartet man eine moglichst vollstandige Reprasen- tation des in einem Gebiet akkumulierten Wissens. Je mehr dieses Wissen kodifiziert ist, urn so mehr kann das Studium eines Lehr- buchs die Lektiire der Originalliteratur ersetzen. Demgegeniiber hat eine Einfuhrung in ein Wissenschaftsgebiet einen ganzlich anderen Charakter. Sie vermittelt nicht primar Wissen und sie ersetzt auf keinen Fall die Lektiire der Originalliteratur, vielmehr bietet sie dem Leser im wortlichen Sinne eine erste Ein-Fuhrung in Neuland an, die ihn mehr und mehr befahigen soIl, sich selbstandig in dem fur ihn neuen Land zu bewegen. Das bedeutet, daB dem Leser in allererster Linie eine Perspektive auf den Weg gegeben werden muB, eine kog- nitive Landkarte, die ihn zu selbstandigen Exkursionen befahigt. Diese Aufgabe einer Einfuhrung solI hier im Vordergrund stehen. Sie kann und darf deshalb kein Literaturbericht sein, sie vermittelt kein lexikalisches Wissen, sondern die spezifisch soziologische Perspektive in der Betrachtung von Politik. Diese Zielsetzung solI schon durch den Titel "Soziologie der Politik", an stelle des gebrauchlichen Titels "Politische Soziologie", zum Ausdruck gebracht werden. Natiirlich kann man auch den Begriff "Politische Soziologie" mit der Betonung auf Soziologie gebrauchen, mit der er hier im Text, neben dem Be- griff "Soziologie der Politik", auch gleichberechtigt Verwendung findet. Der Leser solI die soziologische Denk- und Sichtweise, angewen- det auf Politik als Gegenstand, erlernen.

Legitimitat und politische Macht sind klassische Themen der politischen Theorie und der politischen Soziologie. In der hier vorliegenden Untersuchung sollen zu- nachst drei unterschiedliche soziologische Ansatze zu diesen Themen dargestellt und iiberpriift werden. Daran schlieBt sich der Versuch an, die Problemstellung durch Spezifikation einer allgemeinen Theorie sozialer Systeme zu einer Theorie politischer Systeme zu bearbeiten. Es wird dabei an die anderenorts erschienene "Theorie sozialer Systeme" (Opladen 1976) angekniipft. Damit soli gezeigt werden, wie man von relativ allgemeinen und abstrakten Grundannahmen zu konkreten, empirisch iiberpriifbaren Hypothesen iiber klassische Themen gelangen kann. Allge- meine Theorienbildung und empirische Forschung konnten auf diese Weise wieder einander naher gebracht werden. Eine Reihe von Problemen konnte ich mit Studenten in Vorlesungen und Seminaren besprechen. Ihre Fragen haben mich vor allem zu verstandlicher Darstellung ge- zwungen. Werner Gephart, Tilman Hanckel und Helmut Zehnpfennig haben mehrere Fassungen des Manuskripts gelesen. Ihre kritische Auseinandersetzung mit den Pro- blemlosungen hat mir viele Anregungen gegeben. Die Begriffsexplikationen der Va- riablen der Theorie (III., 4.2.) habe ich in Zusammenarbeit mit Helmut Zehnpfennig entwickelt. Ihnen allen sei herzlich gedankt.