This book contains the lecture notes for the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on th Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids held April 12th_16 , 2000 in Heraklion, Crete, Greece. This was the fIrst international meeting devoted to research in the area of ionic liquids (salts with melting points below 100 0c), and was intended to explore the promise of ionic liquids as well as to set a research agenda for the fIeld. It was the fIrst international meeting dedicated to the study and application of ionic liquids as solvents, and forty-one scientists and engineers from academia, industry, and government research laboratories (as well as six industry observers and four student assistants) met to discuss the current and future status of the application of ionic liquids to new green industrial technologies. It was immediately clear that the number of organic chemists and engineers working in the fIeld needed to be increased. It was also clear that the declining interest in high temperature molten salts and subsequent increase in low melting ionic liquid solvents had not yet taken hold in Eastern Europe. Participants from NATO Partner Countries contributed signifIcant expertise in high temperature molten salts and were able to take back a new awareness and interest in ionic liquid solvents.

Crystal engineers need an understanding of bonding theory, computational chemistry, applied spectroscopy, structural methods, synthesis strategies, and applications of custom-designed solids. This book contains chapters on all these topics, written by internationally recognized experts, plus contributions from leading researchers in the field.

Crystal engineers need an understanding of bonding theory, computational chemistry, applied spectroscopy, structural methods, synthesis strategies, and applications of custom-designed solids. This book contains chapters on all these topics, written by internationally recognized experts, plus contributions from leading researchers in the field.

This book contains the lecture notes for the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on th Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids held April 12th_16 , 2000 in Heraklion, Crete, Greece. This was the fIrst international meeting devoted to research in the area of ionic liquids (salts with melting points below 100 0c), and was intended to explore the promise of ionic liquids as well as to set a research agenda for the fIeld. It was the fIrst international meeting dedicated to the study and application of ionic liquids as solvents, and forty-one scientists and engineers from academia, industry, and government research laboratories (as well as six industry observers and four student assistants) met to discuss the current and future status of the application of ionic liquids to new green industrial technologies. It was immediately clear that the number of organic chemists and engineers working in the fIeld needed to be increased. It was also clear that the declining interest in high temperature molten salts and subsequent increase in low melting ionic liquid solvents had not yet taken hold in Eastern Europe. Participants from NATO Partner Countries contributed signifIcant expertise in high temperature molten salts and were able to take back a new awareness and interest in ionic liquid solvents.

Mani, the founder of the spiritual movement which has come to be known as Manichaeism, established an influential teaching that spread swiftly across Asia, Africa and parts of Europe but was later brutally suppressed. Little was known about this 'Gnostic religion' until archaeological findings in the twentieth century revealed important aspects of Mani's biography and philosophical thought. Many years before these physical discoveries, Rudolf Steiner provided key esoteric insights, based on his personal spiritual-scientific research, into Mani's life and work. Richard Seddon assembles pieces of the academic and esoteric puzzle, offering a lively and colourful picture of Mani and Manichaeism. He gives a succinct outline of Mani's life, the fundamental aspects of his teachings, and a description of Manichaeism's future spiritual role. Seddon creates an image of a mighty Christian initiate leading a movement with the critical task of transforming, and ultimately redeeming, evil.

Rudolf Steiner systematically cultivated methods of spiritual vision and research, enabling him to investigate the course of earthly and human evolution. Steiner described how the thoughts and actions of the hierarchies of spiritual beings are discernible in the dimensions of soul and spirit. Under certain conditions, it is possible for an initiate who has developed special capacities to grasp what these beings are actively preparing for the future. This was achieved especially by St. John in his Book of Revelation and, similarly, by Rudolf Steiner throughout his many years of spiritual research and teaching. Richard Seddon gathered the essence of hundreds of lectures to create this broad overview of the future for humanity and the Earth. His fascinating survey takes us from the present time through the sixth and seventh ages, or future epochs, and the Jupiter, Venus, and Vulcan stages of Earth. The author also discusses the respiritualization of the Earth's layers and the solar system, which was not mentioned by Steiner but illumines events in the Apocalypse and the eventual transforming of evil to good. At the core of this process is the gradual development of Christ forces, which determine the future of individuals and all of evolution. C O N T E N T S Preface 1. Introduction 2. The Future of the Fifth Age 3. The Sixth Age 4. The Seventh Age 5. The Sixth Epoch (Seals) 6. The Seventh Epoch (Trumpets) 7. Stages of Form 8. Conditions of Life 9. Conditions of Consciousness Appendices: 1. The Human Being Seen Spiritually 2. The Pattern of Evolution 3. Concerning the Lord's Prayer

The ancient and dramatic headland of Tintagel and its ruins, on the windswept north Cornish coast, have been linked to the legends of Merlin, King Arthur and his Knights since ancient times. In this well-researched, illustrated book, Richard Seddon reveals the inner spiritual meaning of Tintagel as a centre for the pre-Christian Mysteries. For many centuries its enigmatic site was integral to the evolution of human consciousness as a centre for esoteric wisdom - for the linking of the physical and spiritual worlds, art and religion. Richard Seddon offers new insights into the roles of Arthur, Merlin and the Knights of the Round Table, and looks in detail at how they are linked to the metaphysical truths to be found in the works of Taliesin, the Mabinogion and the legends of Parsifal and the Holy Grail. He brings to light the unifying spiritual tradition that stretches beyond Arthur and Tintagel to the mysteries of modern times, as elucidated by the Austrian-born initiate Rudolf Steiner. Readers of this work will discover many new dimensions to the Arthurian and Celtic legends as well as the historical site at Tintagel.

The Gospel of John, distinct from the 'synoptic gospels', is the most esoteric and challenging account of the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. John, whose identity has been much debated, mysteriously refers to himself as 'the disciple whom Jesus loved'. But didn't Jesus love each of the twelve Apostles? Indeed, did he not love all human beings? However, the Gospel says only of Lazarus that Jesus 'loved him'. In this profound study, Richard Seddon brings together essential but often overlooked quotations from the work of the philosopher and scientist Rudolf Steiner. Steiner made no claim to divine inspiration, but described how - through the vigorous discipline of inner development - the capacity for spiritual-scientific research could be acquired. Rudolf Steiner, who founded anthroposophy, undertook research into many of the incidents recorded in John's Gospel, and reported his results in lectures given across Europe. In compiling Steiner's various statements, The Challenge of Lazarus-John reveals that John's Gospel not only gives a historical account, but also represents a path of personal development or initiation.After the prelude characterizing Creation, the Gospel describes how the Christ being descended into the physical and spiritual constitution of Jesus of Nazareth at the Baptism. Crossing the threshold between physical and spiritual worlds, the Gospel writer places emphasis on the development of the higher self in freedom, on the rebirth of the soul, and on the raising of Lazarus. An interlude considers the significance of the seven events referred to as 'signs', and the seven 'I am' statements in relation to higher stages of cognition. The remainder of the Gospel is seen as an expression of the seven stages of Rosicrucian-Christian initiation and their reformulation in the process of human evolution described in anthroposophy. This culminates in an examination of the spiritual processes that take place in the constitution of Jesus during the Crucifixion and Resurrection. It is Lazarus-John's personal witness of these events that enables him to write his unique Gospel.Drawing together such insights and interpretations, Seddon has produced a comprehensive monograph that supplements existing biblical commentaries and illumines John's enigmatic Gospel as a truly Christian path of modern initiation - a challenge to all human beings that will remain for millennia to come.

Sleep is one of the greatest riddles of existence. It is an absolute necessity for the refreshment of each one of us, yet natural science can give virtually no explanation of how this is done. And the reason for this is clear; it is not only a natural, but also primarily a spiritual process. Understanding therefore depends on the research of the spiritual scientist, and preeminently on that of Rudolf Steiner. This book is the first integrated account of the many aspects of sleep that Steiner described, and the first to outline the bodily processes involved in anthroposophic terms. This study opens up awareness of our little-known relationships with the cosmos and its beings, in which we all spend a significant portion of our life.