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Acquired brain injury (ABI) describes damage to the brain that
occurs after birth, caused by traumatic injury such as an accident
or fall, or by non-traumatic cause such as substance abuse, stroke,
or disease. Today's medical techniques are improving the survival
rate for people of all ages diagnosed with ABI, and current trends
in rehabilitation are supporting these individuals returning to
live, attend school, and work in their communities. Yet strategies
on the best way of providing community participation vary among
rehabilitation experts. Because many of survivors of ABI do not and
will not return to the status quo of their former lives it is
important to examine what constitutes best and promising practices
in this area. This casebook is the world's first compilation of
evidence-informed programmes that foster community participation
for people of all ages with brain injury. With this review, the
authors elicited and carefully examined existing programmatic
efforts that combine emphasis on the individual, the social, and
the service systems in a way that captures community participation
as a complex process of interactive change in the
person-environment relationship - programmes that do not divorce
ABI survivors from their contexts, and where participation efforts
facilitate positive change in the social and political context.
They considered community-based programmes to be programmes where
individuals and families actively participate in their own therapy
(rehabilitation) and take responsibility for their own health or
that of a family/community member. Each case study chapter depicts
a programme chosen on its extraordinary merits to provide community
participation to its clients. The chapters are cowritten by the
stakeholder and a researcher, giving a complete perspective of how
the programme was established and continues to operate, and
provides evidence of excellence.
Working for pay is a common experience throughout North America for
youth, with up to 80 percent of high school students working for at
least a short duration of time through the course of a year. Once
adolescents enter the labor market, they usually continue working,
though they change jobs frequently through to their early 20s. Most
working youth are employed during both the school year and the
summer. Adolescents and young adults are exposed to a variety of
workplace risks and hazards that include operating dangerous tools,
machinery, and vehicles; handling cash in situations prone to
robbery; and working with supervisors and co-workers whose own
'safe work practices' are suspect. Proper orientation and training
is sometimes minimal; supervision can be limited and of
questionable quality. Given that over the past fifty years the
proportion of adolescents entering the workforce has increased
six-fold for both males and females, and that the number of working
youth is expected to continue increasing due to globalization and
diffusion of new technologies, there is definite cause for concern.
Why the large discrepancy between young people and adults when it
comes to workplace injury? Why are our future workers being injured
at all? Youth willingly enter work settings expecting to be guided
and protected, yet many are exposed to work environments and safety
cultures leading to quite different outcomes. Some answers may lie
in better understanding the young worker experience or in the
similarities and differences between the young worker and adult
worker experience. We only know that a simplistic, rote answer will
not suffice, especially when young people continue to be injured,
some fatally, on the job. In an effort to begin answering some of
these questions, we have developed this two part book. Part I is
designed to provide the reader with an overview of what we know
about young workers and some of the factors that may influence
their ability to stay safe at work. The literature draws attention
to areas ranging from the Nature of the Workplace, to Risk
Perception, and finally to Management and System Support. Where
appropriate, the findings from the Young Worker Young Supervisor
(YWYS) project are brought into the existing literature on young
worker health and safety. Part I sets the tone for Part II of the
monograph by giving the reader an idea of what young workers find
themselves facing when they enter the world of work, from
characteristics of the workplace to unique conditions and
relationships of young workers. To further illuminate the issues
and situations youth face in the workplace, Part II presents a
series of vignettes that were drawn from real life situations
observed through the course of the YWYS project. The vignettes are
brief, evocative descriptions, accounts, or episodes representing
the types of experiences common to young workers. These vignettes
are based on the case studies and interviews conducted during the
course of the YWYS project. The circumstances presented in the
vignettes reflect the conditions under which many young workers
find themselves. As farfetched as some of the managers' and young
workers' behavior may seem in the vignettes, the events are
fictionalized versions of real workplace occurrences. Each vignette
is followed by one or more 'scenario(s)', each presenting an
open-ended problem taken from real life and faced by young workers.
Each scenario ends with a series of questions intended to encourage
the reader towards further discussion.
This casebook profiles exceptional traumatic injury prevention
programs from all over the globe. Its detailed description and
analysis employ a multi-stage process of identifying, evaluating,
and casing effective prevention practices. The case studies reflect
how legislative and regulatory information impact prevention
efforts and provide insight into how national centers for injury
prevention and control inform prevention practices on countrywide
levels. The authors work with outcome-based research criteria to
select and develop their comprehensive and contextually aware
profiles of the programs. All included case studies follow the BRIO
approach (Background, Resources, Implementation, and Outcome) - a
model designed to provide a consistent way of describing programs
that have been evaluated and found to be exceptional practices. The
scope of the Casebook ranges across: The challenge of traumatic
injury prevention Sports and recreation-related traumatic injury
prevention Fall-related traumatic injury prevention Road
traffic-related traumatic injury prevention Traumatic injury
prevention within complex systems In its recognition of traumatic
injury prevention across the lifespan as a critical and complex
public health challenge, the Casebook of Traumatic Injury
Prevention promises to be an influential and authoritative resource
for professionals and students in public health, safety, injury
prevention, medicine, psychology, sociology, nursing, and
engineering. Government agencies and institutions such as the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), public health
departments, and safety associations also would find the Casebook
relevant to their work.
This casebook profiles exceptional traumatic injury prevention
programs from all over the globe. Its detailed description and
analysis employ a multi-stage process of identifying, evaluating,
and casing effective prevention practices. The case studies reflect
how legislative and regulatory information impact prevention
efforts and provide insight into how national centers for injury
prevention and control inform prevention practices on countrywide
levels. The authors work with outcome-based research criteria to
select and develop their comprehensive and contextually aware
profiles of the programs. All included case studies follow the BRIO
approach (Background, Resources, Implementation, and Outcome) - a
model designed to provide a consistent way of describing programs
that have been evaluated and found to be exceptional practices. The
scope of the Casebook ranges across: The challenge of traumatic
injury prevention Sports and recreation-related traumatic injury
prevention Fall-related traumatic injury prevention Road
traffic-related traumatic injury prevention Traumatic injury
prevention within complex systems In its recognition of traumatic
injury prevention across the lifespan as a critical and complex
public health challenge, the Casebook of Traumatic Injury
Prevention promises to be an influential and authoritative resource
for professionals and students in public health, safety, injury
prevention, medicine, psychology, sociology, nursing, and
engineering. Government agencies and institutions such as the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), public health
departments, and safety associations also would find the Casebook
relevant to their work.
Acquired brain injury (ABI) describes damage to the brain that
occurs after birth, caused by traumatic injury such as an accident
or fall, or by non-traumatic cause such as substance abuse, stroke,
or disease. Today's medical techniques are improving the survival
rate for people of all ages diagnosed with ABI, and current trends
in rehabilitation are supporting these individuals returning to
live, attend school, and work in their communities. Yet strategies
on the best way of providing community participation vary among
rehabilitation experts. Because many of survivors of ABI do not and
will not return to the status quo of their former lives it is
important to examine what constitutes best and promising practices
in this area. This casebook is the world's first compilation of
evidence-informed programmes that foster community participation
for people of all ages with brain injury. With this review, the
authors elicited and carefully examined existing programmatic
efforts that combine emphasis on the individual, the social, and
the service systems in a way that captures community participation
as a complex process of interactive change in the
person-environment relationship - programmes that do not divorce
ABI survivors from their contexts, and where participation efforts
facilitate positive change in the social and political context.
They considered community-based programmes to be programmes where
individuals and families actively participate in their own therapy
(rehabilitation) and take responsibility for their own health or
that of a family/community member. Each case study chapter depicts
a programme chosen on its extraordinary merits to provide community
participation to its clients. The chapters are cowritten by the
stakeholder and a researcher, giving a complete perspective of how
the programme was established and continues to operate, and
provides evidence of excellence.
Over the past two decades, private label food products have grown
steadily in sales and often directly compete for market share with
national brands. This competition lowers prices and increases
product choices for consumers. This report analyzes the
relationship between private label and national brand product
prices and in-store promotions for two major U.S. grocery store
chains during the 2007-2009 recession and the year following the
recession (2010). Retailers promote private label products (offer
price discounts) strategically in response to national brand
pricing promotions to protect private label market share during
national brand promotions. However, the extent of the retailer
response varies widely across supermarket departments and is also
affected by both the density of food stores and the market share of
supercenters within a market area. These findings hold true
regardless of the state of the economy, although the magnitude of
the interaction between national brands and private labels differs
in times of recession and recovery.
Working for pay is a common experience throughout North America for
youth, with up to 80 percent of high school students working for at
least a short duration of time through the course of a year. Once
adolescents enter the labor market, they usually continue working,
though they change jobs frequently through to their early 20s. Most
working youth are employed during both the school year and the
summer. Adolescents and young adults are exposed to a variety of
workplace risks and hazards that include operating dangerous tools,
machinery, and vehicles; handling cash in situations prone to
robbery; and working with supervisors and co-workers whose own
'safe work practices' are suspect. Proper orientation and training
is sometimes minimal; supervision can be limited and of
questionable quality. Given that over the past fifty years the
proportion of adolescents entering the workforce has increased
six-fold for both males and females, and that the number of working
youth is expected to continue increasing due to globalization and
diffusion of new technologies, there is definite cause for concern.
Why the large discrepancy between young people and adults when it
comes to workplace injury? Why are our future workers being injured
at all? Youth willingly enter work settings expecting to be guided
and protected, yet many are exposed to work environments and safety
cultures leading to quite different outcomes. Some answers may lie
in better understanding the young worker experience or in the
similarities and differences between the young worker and adult
worker experience. We only know that a simplistic, rote answer will
not suffice, especially when young people continue to be injured,
some fatally, on the job. In an effort to begin answering some of
these questions, we have developed this two part book. Part I is
designed to provide the reader with an overview of what we know
about young workers and some of the factors that may influence
their ability to stay safe at work. The literature draws attention
to areas ranging from the Nature of the Workplace, to Risk
Perception, and finally to Management and System Support. Where
appropriate, the findings from the Young Worker Young Supervisor
(YWYS) project are brought into the existing literature on young
worker health and safety. Part I sets the tone for Part II of the
monograph by giving the reader an idea of what young workers find
themselves facing when they enter the world of work, from
characteristics of the workplace to unique conditions and
relationships of young workers. To further illuminate the issues
and situations youth face in the workplace, Part II presents a
series of vignettes that were drawn from real life situations
observed through the course of the YWYS project. The vignettes are
brief, evocative descriptions, accounts, or episodes representing
the types of experiences common to young workers. These vignettes
are based on the case studies and interviews conducted during the
course of the YWYS project. The circumstances presented in the
vignettes reflect the conditions under which many young workers
find themselves. As farfetched as some of the managers' and young
workers' behavior may seem in the vignettes, the events are
fictionalized versions of real workplace occurrences. Each vignette
is followed by one or more 'scenario(s)', each presenting an
open-ended problem taken from real life and faced by young workers.
Each scenario ends with a series of questions intended to encourage
the reader towards further discussion.
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