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This book broaches a comparative and interdisciplinary approach in
its exploration of the phenomenon of the dictatorship in the
Hispanic World in the twentieth century. Some of the themes
explored through a transatlantic perspective include testimonial
accounts of violence and resistance in prisons; hunger and
repression; exile, silence and intertextuality; bildungsroman and
the modification of gender roles; and the role of trauma and memory
within the genres of the novel, autobiography, testimonial
literature, the essay, documentaries, puppet theater, poetry, and
visual art. By looking at the similarities and differences of
dictatorships represented in the diverse landscapes of Latin
America and Spain, the authors hope to provide a more panoramic
view of the dictatorship that moves beyond historiographical
accounts of oppression and engages actively in a more broad
dialectics of resistance and a politics of memory.
This book broaches a comparative and interdisciplinary approach in
its exploration of the phenomenon of the dictatorship in the
Hispanic World in the twentieth century. Some of the themes
explored through a transatlantic perspective include testimonial
accounts of violence and resistance in prisons; hunger and
repression; exile, silence and intertextuality; bildungsroman and
the modification of gender roles; and the role of trauma and memory
within the genres of the novel, autobiography, testimonial
literature, the essay, documentaries, puppet theater, poetry, and
visual art. By looking at the similarities and differences of
dictatorships represented in the diverse landscapes of Latin
America and Spain, the authors hope to provide a more panoramic
view of the dictatorship that moves beyond historiographical
accounts of oppression and engages actively in a more broad
dialectics of resistance and a politics of memory.
Traduttore - tradittore say the Italians and "I plead guilty as
charged." While I guarantee you will enjoy these stories in
translation, I admit they can not live up to the originals. Every
work of literature is an expression of the culture that produced it
and presupposes a bit of insider knowledge. These stories are no
exception. They all share references to shuco, which is consumed by
millions of Salvadorans everyday and which is reputed to have
miraculous qualities to raise the dead, or at least to abate
hangovers. Shuco, or atol shuco, is a completely alien concept to
the middle-class American palate. It is something between a hot
beverage and a soup, similar perhaps to watery grits, oatmeal or
mush with a punchy Central American flavor. Traditionally served in
gourds made from morro fruit, it's more commonly dispensed in
styrofoam cups on street corners for about a quarter ($0.25 US) by
little old ladies who make just enough to survive on. Its
ingredients include ground black corn, water, alguashte
(al-WASH-teh) or ground pumpkin seed, cooked red beans and salt, to
which chile or a shot of hot sauce is added. Served with pan
frances (literally "French bread, but really dinner rolls), it
makes a breakfast or lunch. The color of its ingredients gives it
its name, for in Nawat Pipil, the ancestral language of much of El
Salvador, tsukit means "mud," hence atol shuco is "muddy mush." You
won't find shuco in any fancy restaurants or in the homes of the
well-heeled, only on street corners or the most humble eateries,
but it's an important part of life to the majority of people who
work hard for a meager living and for whom it's an everyday treat,
a hangover cure, an occasional luxury, a pick-me-up while waiting
for the bus in the rain or the only thing one can afford that day.
I promise not to spoil the stories with details because I trust
that you the reader are intelligent enough to form your own
conclusions but a few concepts are in order. A few of the stories
rely on the concept of magical realism -the idea that eve- ryday
life in Latin America transcends anything conceivable to those live
in developed countries. Others are existentialist -the struggle for
survival in a country with few opportunities for the many can lead
to madness. The long hours, strenuous work, low pay, abusive
supervisors and unbelievably high crime rate drives people to
desperation. Yet people dream, hope and pray for escape from
conditions those in wealthy countries can scarcely imagine. One
means of escape is science fiction, which has become very popular
only recently in the region. Any sci-fi movie from anywhere in the
world can be found for a dollar at the pirate DVD sidewalk emporium
on Calle Arce in downtown San Sal- vador. The impact of this genre
is quite apparent in "Ciudad Nopticon / Nopticon City," whose title
is inspired by Jeremy Bentham's famous 1785 prison design which
included a built in all-seeing eye in the form of an inner tower to
watch over the prisoners without being seen. That the French
philosopher Michel Foucault helped build his career on this concept
is germane, because his belief that knowledge/power was a
formidable weapon in the hands of the ruling elite also informs
this story. If your Spanish is limited or rusty, make an effort at
reading the stories in the original language, you'll be glad you
did. Salvadoran Spanish is basically the same Spanish you learned
at school or heard your grandparents speak, but with a few local
peculiarities such as vos, instead of tu for the familiar second
person singular. The localisms are covered in a glossary, since
they won't necessarily be understood by Spanish-speakers from other
countries either. Most of them, and any other word you don't
understand is explained (in Spanish) at the Real Academia Espanola
website www.rae.es and in English at various on-line dictionary
sites.
THIS BOOK is ideal for anyone interested in resolving the
contemporary crisis in education. Thanks to its introduction to
problems of evaluation, it updates and offers updated solutions for
professors, investigators, administrators, bureaucrats, politicians
and the general public in their search for better results in the
classroom and how to form students better prepared for the twenty
first century. Although it is focused on the teaching of languages,
it is applicable to all educational domains rooted in experiential
learning, such se mathematics, computer science, sports, and fine
arts. Thanks to its global and qualitative approach toward
education, it promotes language acquisition as an integrated
program rather than a collection of discrete items.
Hasta ahora, las hijas de Ixmukane han permanecido calladas
-sofocadas por el patriarcado, asesinadas por la represion e
invisibles cuando dieron su aporte. Entre el bosque de estatuas a
los proceres, solo vemos a los "Padres de la Nacion," pero la
historia oculta las voces de las Madres y de aquellas que llevaron
a cabo verdaderas hazanas, para realizar el sueno colectivo. Sus
voces yacen en el sendero del anonimato. Con los esfuerzos de
transformacion social, se ha abierto un espacio critico para la
mujer centroamericana. Con este espacio vamos descubriendo un
amplio espectro de visiones, de recreaciones de la cultura
centroamericana, por mujeres centroamericanas de origenes muy
diferentes en cuanto a clase social, educacion, etnicidad,
formacion poetica, experiencias personales y perspectiva politica.
Vemos aproximaciones muy distintas en la obra de cada poeta.
Algunas resisten la posmodernidad por formular futuros
alternativos, otras acuden a la recoleccion kierkegaardiana para
crear contra-memorias, unas buscan un escape en el esteticismo y
hay las que abrazan la nueva tecnocultura para amaestrarla y
utilizarla en su obra. He escogido poetas no-canonicas, de visiones
distintas para ofrecer un mosaico del futuro de la poesia de
mujeres centroamericanas.
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