The Covid-19 pandemic has not only affected the health and life of people around the world but also many areas such as the economy, the way of doing business, working life, the education sector, the urban life, and consumer consumption habits. Digital technologies and solutions also played an important role in the changes brought about by the pandemic. Digitization has brought its own challenges in this context. Being aware of this issue, Turkish-German University (TGU) hosted a conference on "Digital Challenges and Strategies in a Post-Pandemic World" in cooperation with Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences in Istanbul. The conference offered a platform for academicians as well as practitioners to discuss the current issues related to new digital applications, the impact of digitization, digital challenges, and necessary measures, as well as strategies to overcome these challenges in a post-pandemic world. The academic papers presented in the conference constitute the chapters of this book.

In diesem anwendungsorientierten Lehrbuch werden kompakt alle elementaren statistischen Verfahren fur die OEkonomie anschaulich erklart. Der leicht verstandliche Text ist mit vielen Beispielen und UEbungen erganzt. Die praxisnahe Darstellung der Methoden wird durch die Erklarung und Anwendung der Statistikprogramme R (Open-Source-Progamm) und SPSS vervollstandigt. Im Text sind fur beide Programme viele Programmanweisungen enthalten. Zielgruppe sind insbesondere wirtschaftswissenschaftlich orientierte Studierende. Fur die 4. Auflage wurde das Buch uberarbeitet und erganzt. Leser des gedruckten Buchs erhalten nun in der Springer Nature Flashcards-App zusatzlich kostenfreien Zugriff auf 99 exklusive Lernfragen, mit denen sie ihr Wissen uberprufen koennen.

In diesem Buch finden Studierende aller wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Studiengange eine verstandliche Einfuhrung in die fur sie relevanten mathematischen Methoden. Der Text ist in drei Teile gegliedert: Grundlagen Lineare Algebra mit den Schwerpunkten lineare Gleichungssysteme und lineare Optimierung Analysis mit den Schwerpunkten Finanzmathematik und Differentialrechnung Neben einer praxisnahen Motivation der Inhalte bietet das Buch auch zahlreiche Beispiele und UEbungen mit Loesungen. Ausserdem wird die klassische Anwendung der mathematischen Verfahren durch die Anwendung des Open-Source-Programms Scilab erganzt und veranschaulicht. Die einzelnen Schritte dazu sind im Text beschrieben, was einen leichten Zugang zu dem Programm ermoeglicht. Die 4. uberarbeitete und erganzte Auflage ist nun um einen Abschnitt uber ganzzahlige lineare Optimierung erganzt.

"Dr Riza OEzturk's new book, The Origin of Hardy's Tragic Vision, is a lucid explanation of the most important aspect of novelist Thomas Hardy's worldview - the destruction of self. Dr OEzturk gets to the core of Hardy's `tragic vision' - evident in the novelist's interpretation of the dramatic interplay between character and circumstance. To what degree either element of character or circumstance weighs in the tragic equation is the subject of discourse in OEzturk's book, a significant acquisition for students and scholars of Hardy, Victorian literature and culture, or the history of the English novel. This study of Hardy tackles the novelist's formulation of tragedy as an individual's `natural aim or desire' - and attempts to answer the important question concerning who or what is responsible for such appetite. The Origin of Hardy's Tragic Vision can serve as a handbook in the study of tragedy, from the ancient Greek notions to manifestations in late nineteenth century novelists (with reference to modern novelists and dramatists, such as D. H. Lawrence and Henrik Ibsen). OEzturk's analysis, from the impulse of character in The Mayor of Casterbridge, through the envelope of circumstance in Tess of the D'Urbervilles, culminates comprehensively in his discussion of the depletion of life in Jude the Obscure. As a novelist familiar with the ideas of Schopenhauer and Darwin, Hardy's tragic vision encompasses a brutally stark statement about the reality of life itself, and this assessment is captured brilliantly in Riza OEzturk's important book. Regarding tragedy from the technical elements to the thematic, to its special attention in terms of feminism and illustrations of the absurd in Jude the Obscure, there is no question that The Origin of Hardy's Tragic Vision fills the need for newer interpretations of a vital figure in English literature who straddles both the Victorian and modern eras."- Gregory F. Tague, PhD, Professor of English, St. Francis College, New York; author of Character and Consciousness (2005) and Ethos and Behavior (2008); editor of the ASEBL Journal

Treatment of Hardy's tragic narratives under the objective lens of evolutionary literary theory has led to three basic findings: First, within the scope of the analysis of the five major tragic narratives, representation of Hardy's evolutionary aesthetics of human ethics, in terms of altruistic sympathy and compassion, shows that adapted parental investment in children indicates the reason why women submit to pain and suffering more than the men do. The costly investment of women in maternal behaviour leads to submission in many cases, but in return they gain better fitness for survival and reproduction than men. This is implicitly highlighted as a force of superiority in the tragedies studied, as the male characters often invest in heroic deeds over their children. Second, that which has for many years been identified as pessimism in Hardy's tragic narratives is in fact a surface cognitive layer, under which is an implicit teaching of evolutionary aesthetics of human ethics, which guides to a true fitness of human life. Third, sympathy and particularly compassion are not only human emotions but also adapted cognitive virtues that centre on ethical teaching. Thus, an integrated model of science and humanities for art and literary analysis is required to address not only those of English language and literature departments, but also those aligned to the idea of integrating the two methods. A scientific and objective view of human life is in opposition to postmodern and structuralist approaches, which have generally been considered as the centre of interest during the latter half of the 20th century.