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How is one to understand the nature of intelligence? One approach is through psychometric testing, but such an approach often puts the "cart before the horse"--the test before the theory. Another approach is to use evolutionary theory. This criterion has been suggested by a number of individuals in the past, from Charles Darwin in the more distant past to Howard Gardner, Stephen Gould, Steven Pinker, Carl Sagan, David Stenhouse, and many others. The chapters in this book address three major questions: 1. Does evolutionary theory help us understand the nature of human intelligence? 2. If so, what does it tell us about the nature of human intelligence? 3. And if so, how has intelligence evolved? The goal of this book is to present diverse points of view on the evolution of intelligence as offered by leading experts in the field. In particular, it may be possible to better understand the nature and societal implications of intelligence by understanding how and why it has evolved as it has. This book is unique in offering a diversity of points of view on the topic of the evolution of human intelligence.
How is one to understand the nature of intelligence? One approach
is through psychometric testing, but such an approach often puts
the "cart before the horse"--the test before the theory. Another
approach is to use evolutionary theory. This criterion has been
suggested by a number of individuals in the past, from Charles
Darwin in the more distant past to Howard Gardner, Stephen Gould,
Steven Pinker, Carl Sagan, David Stenhouse, and many others. The
chapters in this book address three major questions:
Why do some children seem to learn mathematics easily and others
slave away at it, learning it only with great effort and apparent
pain? Why are some people good at algebra but terrible at geometry?
How can people who successfully run a business as adults have been
failures at math in school? How come some professional
mathematicians suffer terribly when trying to balance a checkbook?
And why do school children in the United States perform so dismally
in international comparisons? These are the kinds of real questions
the editors set out to answer, or at least address, in editing this
book on mathematical thinking. Their goal was to seek a diversity
of contributors representing multiple viewpoints whose expertise
might converge on the answers to these and other pressing and
interesting questions regarding this subject.
Although complex problem solving has emerged as a field of
psychology in its own right, the literature is, for the most part,
widely scattered, and often so technical that it is inaccessible to
non-experts. This unique book provides a comprehensive, in-depth,
and accessible introduction to the field of complex problem
solving. Chapter authors -- experts in their selected domains --
deliver systematic, thought-provoking analyses generally written
from an information-processing point of view. Areas addressed
include politics, electronics, and computers.
Volume five continues to mark the significant advances made in the psychology of human intelligence, problem solving, and thinking abilities. Papers contributed by leaders in the field reflect a diversity of perspectives and approaches to the human intelligence. Subjects discussed include: * genetic and environmental contributions to information-processing abilities * development of children's conceptions of intelligence * skill acquisition as a bridge between intelligence and motivation * information-processing abilities underlying intelligence * costs of expertise and their relation to intelligence * the nature of abstract thought
First published in 1987. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Scientific Inquiry into Human Potential explores the intellectual legacy and contemporary understanding of scientific research on human intelligence, performance, and productivity. Across nineteen chapters, some of the most eminent scholars of learning and psychology recount how they originated, distinguished, measured, challenged, and adapted their theories on the nature and nurture of human potential over decades of scientific research. These accessible, autobiographical accounts cover a spectrum of issues, from the biological underpinnings and developmental nature of human potential to the roles of community, social interaction, and systematic individual differences in cognitive and motivational functioning. Researchers, instructors, and graduate students of education, psychology, sociology, and biology will find this book not only historically informative but inspiring to their own ongoing research journeys, as well.
Scientific Inquiry into Human Potential explores the intellectual legacy and contemporary understanding of scientific research on human intelligence, performance, and productivity. Across nineteen chapters, some of the most eminent scholars of learning and psychology recount how they originated, distinguished, measured, challenged, and adapted their theories on the nature and nurture of human potential over decades of scientific research. These accessible, autobiographical accounts cover a spectrum of issues, from the biological underpinnings and developmental nature of human potential to the roles of community, social interaction, and systematic individual differences in cognitive and motivational functioning. Researchers, instructors, and graduate students of education, psychology, sociology, and biology will find this book not only historically informative but inspiring to their own ongoing research journeys, as well.
In a world plagued by enormous, complex problems requiring long-range vision and interdisciplinary insights, the need to attend to the influence of dogmatic thinking on the development of high ability and creative intelligence is pressing. This volume introduces the problem of dogmatism broadly, explores the nature and nuances of dogmatic thinking from various disciplinary perspectives, and applies the gleaned insights to what is known about creativity. Bringing together leading thinkers in the fields of creative studies and education, and in other relevant fields (history, sociology, psychology) whose work pertains to the various dimensions of dogmatism and the ethical problems it generates, this panoramic view represents interdisciplinary bridge building with the potential to generate new insights about the education of creative young minds.
The intuitive mind is a powerful force in the classroom and often an undetected one. Intuitive conceptions--knowledge or knowledge-structures that individuals acquire and use largely without conscious reflection or explicit instruction--sometimes work to facilitate learning in the classroom and other contexts. But learning may also be impeded by intuitive conceptions, and they can be difficult to dislodge as needed. The literatures in psychology and education include a large and diverse body of theory and research on intuitive conceptions, but this work is limited in some respects. This volume contributes in four ways to overcome these limitations. Understanding and Teaching the Intuitive Mind: Student and Teacher Learning: * pulls together diverse theoretical and methodological approaches to the origin, structure, function, and development of intuitive conceptions; * explores a diversity of academic disciplines--paying equal attention not only to mathematics and science, the fields in which intuitive concepts have been studied most extensively, but also to the social sciences, arts, and humanities; * explicitly links theory and research to educational implications and classroom applications; and * focuses not only on students' intuitive conceptions but also on teachers' intuitive beliefs about learning and teaching. Although the viewpoints of the contributors are diverse, they share the belief that educational practices have much to gain by systematic studies of the intuitive learner and teacher. This volume offers state-of-the-art, research-based information and support for psychologists, teacher educators, educational administrators, teachers, prospective teachers, and others who seek to develop educational practices that are cognizant of (and responsive to) the intuitive conceptions of students and teachers.
"Now what should I do?" This is a question academic leaders ask themselves with great regularity. As ironic as it may seem, very few academic leaders have had any formal training in academic administration, or in any kind of administration at all. For the most part, academic administrators learn on the job. They also seek advice wherever they can get it. The purpose of this book is to offer such advice. The book is written both for academic administrators at all levels as well as for those who aspire to academic administration.
"Now what should I do?" This is a question academic leaders ask themselves with great regularity. As ironic as it may seem, very few academic leaders have had any formal training in academic administration, or in any kind of administration at all. For the most part, academic administrators learn on the job. They also seek advice wherever they can get it. The purpose of this book is to offer such advice. The book is written both for academic administrators at all levels as well as for those who aspire to academic administration.
What is the impact of the family environment on us, particularly with regard to our intellectual functioning? Does the role of early family environment wear off, as some researchers have suggested, or does it maintain or possibly even become more important as we grow older? This book examines the interrelationship between family environment and intellectual functioning in a lifespan perspective. Covering a wide range of topics, it provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date examination of life-span family influences on various aspects of intellectual function. For cognitive, development/lifespan, and educational psychologists, and scholars studying the family and its influences, this volume will help: *students learn about family effects; *researchers update themselves in this active area of investigation; *therapists understand problems in intellectual functioning in their clients and in treating these clients successfully; and *educators gain a better grasp on how the students they teach are products not only of their genes and environments, in general, but of their family environments, in particular.
This edited volume presents a balanced approach to the ongoing debate of just how general the "general factor" of intelligence is. To accomplish this goal, the editors chose a number of distinct approaches to the study of intelligence--psychometric, genetic-epistemological, cognitive, biological, behavior-genetic, sociocultural, systems--and asked distinguished scholars to write from the standpoint of these approaches. Each approach comprises two chapters, one by a scholar leaning toward a view arguing for the greater generality of g, and the other by a scholar leaning toward a view arguing for the lesser generality of g. The scholars are not simply "for" or "against" these outlooks, rather they provide a more textured view of the general factor, attempting to explain it in psychological terms that are easily understandable. Intended for psychologists in all areas, including clinical, consulting, educational, cognitive, school, developmental, and industrial-organizational, this book will also be of interest to educators, sociologists, anthropologists, and those interested in the nature of intelligence.
In this volume, Robert J. Sternberg and David D. Preiss bring together different perspectives on understanding the impact of various technologies on human abilities, competencies, and expertise. The inclusive range of historical, comparative, sociocultural, cognitive, educational, industrial/organizational, and human factors approaches will stimulate international multi-disciplinary discussion. Major questions that are addressed include: *What is the impact of different technologies on human abilities? *How does technology enhance or limit human intellectual functioning? *What is the cognitive impact of complex technologies? *What is the cognitive impact of the transfer of technologies? *How can we design technologies that foster intellectual growth? *How does technology mediate the impact of cultural variables on human intellectual functioning? Part I addresses the history of cognitive technologies and how they have evolved with culture, but at the same time helped culture evolve. Part II focuses on how educational technologies affect the ways in which students and others think. The topic of Part III is technology in the world of work. Part IV deals with the interface between intelligence and technology. The diversity and richness of technology relates to different forms of abilities, competencies, and expertise. In consequence, many psychologists, educators, and others are interested in exploring the ways in which technology and human abilities interact, but lack a handy source of information to satisfy their interest. This book provides researchers and students in these areas with relevant perspectives and information.
In a world plagued by enormous, complex problems requiring long-range vision and interdisciplinary insights, the need to attend to the influence of dogmatic thinking on the development of high ability and creative intelligence is pressing. This volume introduces the problem of dogmatism broadly, explores the nature and nuances of dogmatic thinking from various disciplinary perspectives, and applies the gleaned insights to what is known about creativity. Bringing together leading thinkers in the fields of creative studies and education, and in other relevant fields (history, sociology, psychology) whose work pertains to the various dimensions of dogmatism and the ethical problems it generates, this panoramic view represents interdisciplinary bridge building with the potential to generate new insights about the education of creative young minds.
" B]ecause of the thoroughness of the literature reviews and the comprehensive coverage of the chapter topics, this book] should be required reading for any scholar working in related areas of personality or intelligence."--PsycCRITIQUES "This book is a masterly attempt to bring order and cohesion to a field that for many years has been riven with claims and counterclaims. The editors and authors are to be congratulated for addressing a very complex task so helpfully." John Biggs, PhD "If you are interested in intellectual styles-people's preferred ways of processing information-then this book belongs on your bookshelf." Richard E. Mayer, PhD "For more than half a century, the construct of style-whether designated as cognitive, thinking or learning-has been in or out of fashion in the history of psychology and education. The editors of the present Handbook have invigorated the style construct in the form of intellectual styles, and have brought together a distinguished international panel of chapter authors who offer up-to-date surveys of the assessment, development, correlates, and educational and organizational applications of intellectual styles. For those seeking to familiarize themselves with current theory and research in an intellectually exciting field, the present Handbook is essential." Nathan Kogan, PhD The concept of intellectual styles has had a controversial history based on diverse philosophical and theoretical foundations. Most recently, the idea of intellectual styles-an umbrella term that covers such closely related constructs as "cognitive styles," "learning styles," "teaching styles," and "thinking styles"-has gained momentum as an explanation for why different people succeed in different professional and organizational settings. Previously, it was thought that high-achievers simply had more innate abilities than their less successful peers, but research has shown that individuals have different intellectual styles that are better suited for varying types of contexts and problems. Based on the most current and expansive research, this handbook is the first to provide a comprehensive review of research on the construct of intellectual style, from its foundations and development, to its relations to allied constructs, its roles in school and job performance, its applications in various populations, and its future.. This understanding of intellectual styles as a valid concept for both individuals and groups has far-reaching implications for researchers in cross-cultural psychology, multicultural education, organizational behavior and work performance, and many other academic disciplines, as well as practitioners in education and beyond. Key Features: Provides a comprehensive review of intellectual styles from multiple perspectives Written for students and scholars in diverse academic arenas, as well as practitioners in education and other fields Includes contributions from researchers from diverse disciplines, such as psychology, business, education, and health sciences
" This book] is solid in its topic coverage and delivery Readers will glean a multitude of new ideas from the theories and approaches presented in this book, ranging from cultural aspects of teaching to Sternberg's WICS model." --"Doody's" This book serves as a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art in educational psychology and applied cognitive science. The chapter authors, who are all leading researchers in this field, provide reviews of contemporary discoveries related to educational research that are both novel and forward-thinking. The book contains the cutting edge literature on genetics and neuroscience, cognitive science and its relation to critical thinking, reading-related phonological processes, cultural considerations in education, and much more. The research methods and perspectives discussed range from education and psychology, to artificial intelligence and economics, thus offering a breadth of knowledge and insight on the field of educational research. The authors provide numerous tools and models for both routine and non-routine decision-making in educational settings. Both psychologists and researchers in the fields of cognitive, developmental, educational, and cultural psychology will want this book on their bookshelf.
This book shows, in detail and with concrete examples, how
educational theory and research can be translated into practice.
Well-known researchers who have worked to establish productive,
sustainable connections between the knowledge produced by the
research community and the practices employed in school settings
provide descriptions of successful strategies that have been used
to bridge the gap among theory, research, and practice.
This book provides an up-to-date, panoramic picture of the field of intellectual styles through describing, analyzing, and integrating the major theoretical and research works on the topic. Readers will gain a broad understanding of the field--its nature, origins, historical development, theories, research, and applications, as well as the interrelationships among major theoretical constructs proposed by different theorists in the past few decades. In particular, three major controversial issues in the field are addressed by both empirical findings and literature review: styles as better versus worse or as equal in merit; styles as traits versus styles as states; and styles as different constructs versus styles as similar constructs with different style labels. Educators will find ideas on how to improve their teaching and assessment of student performance. Student development specialists will be interested in the book because intellectual styles, as evidenced by recent studies, play a critical role in many aspects of student development including cognitive, affective, psychosocial, and career development. Psychologists will gain an understanding of an important facet of the field at the interface between cognition and personality. Managers in business will find the book relevant to such issues as effective supervision and staff training and development. The Nature of Intellectual Styles is intended for anyone--particularly researchers and students in the fields of education, psychology, and business management--who is interested in understanding intellectual styles and their effects on daily life.
This book provides an up-to-date, panoramic picture of the field of intellectual styles through describing, analyzing, and integrating the major theoretical and research works on the topic. Readers will gain a broad understanding of the field--its nature, origins, historical development, theories, research, and applications, as well as the interrelationships among major theoretical constructs proposed by different theorists in the past few decades. In particular, three major controversial issues in the field are addressed by both empirical findings and literature review: styles as better versus worse or as equal in merit; styles as traits versus styles as states; and styles as different constructs versus styles as similar constructs with different style labels. Educators will find ideas on how to improve their teaching and assessment of student performance. Student development specialists will be interested in the book because intellectual styles, as evidenced by recent studies, play a critical role in many aspects of student development including cognitive, affective, psychosocial, and career development. Psychologists will gain an understanding of an important facet of the field at the interface between cognition and personality. Managers in business will find the book relevant to such issues as effective supervision and staff training and development. The Nature of Intellectual Styles is intended for anyone--particularly researchers and students in the fields of education, psychology, and business management--who is interested in understanding intellectual styles and their effects on daily life.
In this volume, Robert J. Sternberg and David D. Preiss bring together different perspectives on understanding the impact of various technologies on human abilities, competencies, and expertise. The inclusive range of historical, comparative, sociocultural, cognitive, educational, industrial/organizational, and human factors approaches will stimulate international multi-disciplinary discussion. Major questions that are addressed include: *What is the impact of different technologies on human abilities? *How does technology enhance or limit human intellectual functioning? *What is the cognitive impact of complex technologies? *What is the cognitive impact of the transfer of technologies? *How can we design technologies that foster intellectual growth? *How does technology mediate the impact of cultural variables on human intellectual functioning? Part I addresses the history of cognitive technologies and how they have evolved with culture, but at the same time helped culture evolve. Part II focuses on how educational technologies affect the ways in which students and others think. The topic of Part III is technology in the world of work. Part IV deals with the interface between intelligence and technology. The diversity and richness of technology relates to different forms of abilities, competencies, and expertise. In consequence, many psychologists, educators, and others are interested in exploring the ways in which technology and human abilities interact, but lack a handy source of information to satisfy their interest. This book provides researchers and students in these areas with relevant perspectives and information.
The central argument of this book is that cognition is not the
whole story in understanding intellectual functioning and
development. To account for inter-individual, intra-individual, and
developmental variability in actual intellectual performance, it is
necessary to treat cognition, emotion, and motivation as
inextricably related.
The central argument of this book is that cognition is not the
whole story in understanding intellectual functioning and
development. To account for inter-individual, intra-individual, and
developmental variability in actual intellectual performance, it is
necessary to treat cognition, emotion, and motivation as
inextricably related.
This volume presents the most comprehensive, balanced, and
up-to-date coverage of theory and research on cognitive, thinking,
and learning styles, in a way that: |
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