Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

This book explores the increasing use of Constituency Development Funds (CDFs) in emerging democratic governments in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Oceania. CDFs dedicate public money to benefit parliamentary constituencies through allocations and/or spending decisions influenced by Members of Parliament (MPs). The contributors employ the term CDF as a generic term although such funds have a different names, such as Electoral Development funds (Papua New Guinea), Constituency Development Catalyst Funds (Tanzania), Member of Parliament Local Area Development Fund (India), and the like. In some ways, the funds resemble the ad hoc pork barrel policy making employed in the US Congress for the past 200 years. However, unlike earmarks, CDFs generally become institutionalized in the government s annual budget and are distributed according to different criteria in each country. They enable MPs to influence programs in their constituencies that finance education, and build bridges, roads, community centers, clinics and schools. In this sense, a CDF is a politicized form of spending that can help fill in the important gaps in government services in constituencies that have not been addressed in the government s larger, comprehensive policy programs. This first comprehensive treatment of CDFs in the academic and development literatures emerges from a project at the State University of New York Center for International Development (SUNY CID). This project has explored CDFs in 19 countries and has developed indicators on their emergence, operations and oversight. The contributors provide detailed case studies of the emergence and operations of CDFs in Kenya, Uganda, Jamaica, and India, as well as an analysis of earmarks in the U.S. Congress, and a broader analysis of the emergence of the funds in Africa. They cover the emergence, institutionalization, and accountability of these funds, analyze key issues in their operations, and offer provisional conclusions of what the emergence and operations of these funds say about the democratization of politics in developing countries and current approaches to international support for democratic governance in developing countries."

Seminararbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich Sport - Sonstiges, einseitig bedruckt, Note: 1,0, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg (EPG Stelle), Veranstaltung: Ethisch-Philosophische-Grundlagenstudium (EPG2) Seminar, 7 Eintragungen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Wissenschaft wird fast nie wertfrei und ungebunden von moralischen (Erkenntnis-) Interessen betrieben, sondern findet in einem konkreten, wandelbaren gesellschaftlichen Kontext statt. Diese Arbeit stellt die Erkenntnisinteressen und Forschungsfragen der deutschen Sportwissenschaft in den 1970er und 2000er Jahren auf Grundlage einer Literaturanalyse der reprasentativen Zeitschrift "Sportwissenschaft" einander gegenuber und versucht aufzuzeigen, wie gesellschaftlicher (Werte-) Wandel sich in einem veranderten Forschungsinteresse niederschlagt.

This book is a fascinating exploration of public opinion in sub-Saharan Africa. Based on the Afrobarometer, a comprehensive cross-national survey research project, it reveals what ordinary Africans think about democracy and market reform, subjects on which almost nothing is otherwise known. The authors find that support for democracy in Africa is wide but shallow and that Africans feel trapped between state and market. Beyond multiparty elections, people want clean and accountable government. They will accept economic structural adjustment only if it is accompanied by an effective state, the availability of jobs, and an equitable society. What are the origins of these attitudes? Far from being constrained by social structure and cultural values, Africans learn about reform on the basis of knowledge, reasoning, and experience. Weighing supply and demand for reform, the authors reach cautious conclusions about the varying prospects of African countries for attaining fully-fledged democracy and markets.0

This book is a fascinating exploration of public opinion in sub-Saharan Africa. Based on the Afrobarometer, a comprehensive cross-national survey research project, it reveals what ordinary Africans think about democracy and market reform, subjects on which almost nothing is otherwise known. The authors find that support for democracy in Africa is wide but shallow and that Africans feel trapped between state and market. Beyond multiparty elections, people want clean and accountable government. They will accept economic structural adjustment only if it is accompanied by an effective state, the availability of jobs, and an equitable society. What are the origins of these attitudes? Far from being constrained by social structure and cultural values, Africans learn about reform on the basis of knowledge, reasoning, and experience. Weighing supply and demand for reform, the authors reach cautious conclusions about the varying prospects of African countries for attaining fully-fledged democracy and markets.0