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First published in 1985. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor &
Francis, an informa company.
Computational Social Psychology showcases a new approach to social
psychology that enables theorists and researchers to specify social
psychological processes in terms of formal rules that can be
implemented and tested using the power of high speed computing
technology and sophisticated software. This approach allows for
previously infeasible investigations of the multi-dimensional
nature of human experience as it unfolds in accordance with
different temporal patterns on different timescales. In effect, the
computational approach represents a rediscovery of the themes and
ambitions that launched the field over a century ago. The book
brings together social psychologists with varying topical interests
who are taking the lead in this redirection of the field. Many
present formal models that are implemented in computer simulations
to test basic assumptions and investigate the emergence of
higher-order properties; others develop models to fit the real-time
evolution of people's inner states, overt behavior, and social
interactions. Collectively, the contributions illustrate how the
methods and tools of the computational approach can investigate,
and transform, the diverse landscape of social psychology.
Computational Social Psychology showcases a new approach to social
psychology that enables theorists and researchers to specify social
psychological processes in terms of formal rules that can be
implemented and tested using the power of high speed computing
technology and sophisticated software. This approach allows for
previously infeasible investigations of the multi-dimensional
nature of human experience as it unfolds in accordance with
different temporal patterns on different timescales. In effect, the
computational approach represents a rediscovery of the themes and
ambitions that launched the field over a century ago. The book
brings together social psychologists with varying topical interests
who are taking the lead in this redirection of the field. Many
present formal models that are implemented in computer simulations
to test basic assumptions and investigate the emergence of
higher-order properties; others develop models to fit the real-time
evolution of people's inner states, overt behavior, and social
interactions. Collectively, the contributions illustrate how the
methods and tools of the computational approach can investigate,
and transform, the diverse landscape of social psychology.
This textbook provides a thorough insight into the discipline of
social psychology, creating an integrative and cumulative framework
to present students with a rich and engaging account of the human
social experience. From a person's momentary impulses to a
society's values and norms, the diversity of social psychology
makes for a fascinating discipline, but it also presents a
formidable challenge for presentation in a manner that is coherent
and cumulative rather than fragmented and disordered. Using an
accessible and readable style, the author shows how the field's
dizzying and highly fragmented array of topics, models, theories,
and paradigms can best be understood through a coherent conceptual
narrative in which topics are presented in careful sequence, with
each chapter building on what has already been learned while
providing the groundwork for understanding what follows in the next
chapter. The text also examines recent developments such as how
computer simulations and big data supplement the traditional
methods of experiment and correlation. Also containing a wide range
of features, including key term glossaries and compact "summing up
and looking ahead" overviews, and covering an enormous range of
topics from self-concept to social change, this comprehensive
textbook is essential reading for any student of social psychology.
This book introduces the reader to the concept of functional
synchronization and how it operates on very different levels in
psychological and social systems - from the emergence of thought to
the formation of social relations and the structure of societies.
For years, psychologists have investigated phenomena such as
self-concept, social judgment, social relations, group dynamics,
and cooperation and conflict, but have discussed these phenomena
seoarately.This book shows how synchronization provides a
foundational approach to these otherwise distinct and diverse
psychological processes.This work shows that there is a basic
tendency with many processes to become coordinated and
progressively integrated into increasingly larger units through
well-defined processes. For these larger units, new and largely
adaptive functions emerge. Although synchronization affords
progressive integration of system elements to enable
correspondingly higher-order functions, the trajectory of
synchronization is often characterized by periods of assembly and
disassembly of system elements. This occurs when a task is
completed and synchronization is no longer essential so that the
elements once again operate in an independent fashion. It is argued
that the disassembly-resynchronization scenario occurs at all
levels of psychological and social reality. The implications of
this approach for important issues in interpersonal relations and
societal processes are discussed.
Conflict is inherent in virtually every aspect of human relations,
from sport to parliamentary democracy, from fashion in the arts to
paradigmatic challenges in the sciences, and from economic activity
to intimate relationships. Yet, it can become among the most
serious social problems humans face when it loses its constructive
features and becomes protracted over time with no obvious means of
resolution. This book addresses the subject of intractable social
conflict from a new vantage point. Here, these types of conflict
represent self-organizing phenomena, emerging quite naturally from
the ongoing dynamics in human interaction at any scale-from the
interpersonal to the international. Using the universal language
and computational framework of nonlinear dynamical systems theory
in combination with recent insights from social psychology,
intractable conflict is understood as a system locked in special
attractor states that constrain the thoughts and actions of the
parties to the conflict. The emergence and maintenance of
attractors for conflict can be described by means of formal models
that incorporate the results of computer simulations, experiments,
field research, and archival analyses. Multi-disciplinary research
reflecting these approaches provides encouraging support for the
dynamical systems perspective. Importantly, this text presents new
views on conflict resolution. In contrast to traditional approaches
that tend to focus on basic, short-lived cause-effect relations,
the dynamical perspective emphasizes the temporal patterns and
potential for emergence in destructive relations. Attractor
deconstruction entails restoring complexity to a conflict scenario
by isolating elements or changing the feedback loops among them.
The creation of a latent attractor trades on the tendency toward
multi-stability in dynamical systems and entails the consolidation
of incongruent (positive) elements into a coherent structure. In
the bifurcation scenario, factors are identified that can change
the number and types of attractors in a conflict scenario. The
implementation of these strategies may hold the key to unlocking
intractable conflict, creating the potential for constructive
social relations.
This book introduces the reader to the concept of functional
synchronization and how it operates on very different levels in
psychological and social systems - from the emergence of thought to
the formation of social relations and the structure of societies.
For years, psychologists have investigated phenomena such as
self-concept, social judgment, social relations, group dynamics,
and cooperation and conflict, but have discussed these phenomena
seoarately.This book shows how synchronization provides a
foundational approach to these otherwise distinct and diverse
psychological processes.This work shows that there is a basic
tendency with many processes to become coordinated and
progressively integrated into increasingly larger units through
well-defined processes. For these larger units, new and largely
adaptive functions emerge. Although synchronization affords
progressive integration of system elements to enable
correspondingly higher-order functions, the trajectory of
synchronization is often characterized by periods of assembly and
disassembly of system elements. This occurs when a task is
completed and synchronization is no longer essential so that the
elements once again operate in an independent fashion. It is argued
that the disassembly-resynchronization scenario occurs at all
levels of psychological and social reality. The implications of
this approach for important issues in interpersonal relations and
societal processes are discussed.
This textbook provides a thorough insight into the discipline of
social psychology, creating an integrative and cumulative framework
to present students with a rich and engaging account of the human
social experience. From a person's momentary impulses to a
society's values and norms, the diversity of social psychology
makes for a fascinating discipline, but it also presents a
formidable challenge for presentation in a manner that is coherent
and cumulative rather than fragmented and disordered. Using an
accessible and readable style, the author shows how the field's
dizzying and highly fragmented array of topics, models, theories,
and paradigms can best be understood through a coherent conceptual
narrative in which topics are presented in careful sequence, with
each chapter building on what has already been learned while
providing the groundwork for understanding what follows in the next
chapter. The text also examines recent developments such as how
computer simulations and big data supplement the traditional
methods of experiment and correlation. Also containing a wide range
of features, including key term glossaries and compact "summing up
and looking ahead" overviews, and covering an enormous range of
topics from self-concept to social change, this comprehensive
textbook is essential reading for any student of social psychology.
Traditional approaches to social psychology have proven highly
successful in identifying causal mechanisms underlying human
thought and behavior. With the recent advent of the dynamical
approach, it is now possible to assemble sets of such mechanisms
into coherent systems. This book uses innovative concepts and tools
to illuminate the processes by which individuals, groups, and
societies evolve and change in a systemic, self-sustaining manner,
at times seemingly independent of external influences. Readers
learn how the dynamical approach facilitates novel predictions and
insights into such social psychological phenomena as attitudes,
social judgment, goal-directed behavior, attraction, and
relationships. Featuring a wealth of charts and figures derived
from original research and computer simulations, the volume is
grounded in classic and contemporary theories of social
psychology.
A dynamical system refers to any fluctuating system in which the
elements interact in complex, often non-linear ways to form
coherent patterns. Many systems once thought to be chaotic are in
fact dynamical systems whose interaction of elements and feedback
processes are only now beginning to be understood. Hence dynamical
systems is sometimes referred to as "chaos theory." This metatheory
has proved useful in understanding phenomenon in meteorology,
population biology, chemistry, statistical mechanics, economics,
and cosmology. The book demonstrates how the dynamical system
perspective can be brought to bear on social psychological research
in explaining such complex phenomenon as social relations,
attitudes, social cognition, and interpersonal behavior.
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