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The essays in this compelling collection examine the period between the two world wars of the twentieth century; one of the most exciting in the history of war. They explore the lingering consequences of World War I; the intellectual efforts to analyze this conflict's military significance; the attempts to plan for another general war; and several episodes in the 1930s that portended the war that erupted in 1939.
Originally published in 1984 this volume presents the first
systematic analysis of the cultural sources of the Pan German
League's appeal and influence in Imperial Germany. It focuses on
the symbolic dimensions of the League's literature and activities,
in order to explain the attraction of the League's aggressive
ideology to certain social groups. In addition it examines the
relationship between the League and other patriotic societies in
Imperial Germany and analyses the processes by which the
organization succeeded, on the eve of the First World War, in
mobilizing a broad 'national opposition' to the German government.
The study draws on concepts from psychology and anthropology, and
its documentary foundation includes archival material from both the
former East and West Germany.
This book explores the impact of the First World War on Imperial
Germany and examines military aspects of the conflict, as well as
the diplomacy, politics, and industrial mobilization of wartime
Germany. Including maps, tables, and illustrations, it also offers
a rich portrait of life on the home front - the war's pervasive
effects on rich and poor, men and women, young and old, farmers and
city-dwellers, Protestants, Catholics, and Jews. It analyzes the
growing burdens of war and the translation of hardship into
political opposition. The new edition incorporates the latest
scholarship and expands the coverage of military action outside
Europe, military occupation, prisoners of war, and the memory of
war. This survey represents the most comprehensive history of
Germany during the First World War. It will be of interest to all
students of German and European history, as well as the history of
war and society.
These essays explore the discourse on war in Germany and the United
States between 1871 and 1914 - in the era bounded by the
mid-century wars in Europe and North America and the First World
War. The concept of 'total war', which was prefigured in aspects of
the earlier conflicts and realized in 1914, provides the analytical
focus. The essays reveal vigorous discussions of warfare in several
forums - among soldiers, statesmen, women's groups and educators -
on both sides of the Atlantic. Predictions of long, cataclysmic
wars were not uncommon in these discussions, while the involvement
of German and American soldiers in colonial warfare suggested that
future combat would not spare civilians. Despite these
'anticipations of total war', virtually no one drew the practical
implications in planning for war in the early twentieth century.
In deference to the principle that total war requires total
history, Roger Chickering traces the all-embracing impact of the
First World War on life in the German city of Freiburg. His book
shows how the war took over every facet of life in the city, from
industrial production to the supply of basic material resources,
above all food and fuel. It documents the breakdown of distinctions
between the home front and the fighting front, as the city fell
victim to strategic bombing. It analyzes the war as a sensory
experience, which could be seen, heard, felt, smelled, and tasted
as it exhausted the city, drained it of residents, and eroded civic
bonds among those who remained. Roger Chickering offers the most
comprehensive history ever written of a German city at war. The
book will appeal to urban and military historians, as well as to
social and cultural historians.
This volume analyzes the First World War in light of the concept of "total war," particularly the systematic erosion of the distinction between the military and civilian spheres. Leading scholars from Europe and North America explore the efforts of soldiers and statesmen, industrialists and financiers, professionals and civilian activists to adjust to the titanic, pervasive pressures that the military stalemate on the western front imposed on belligerent and neutral societies.
Originally published in 1984 this volume presents the first
systematic analysis of the cultural sources of the Pan German
League's appeal and influence in Imperial Germany. It focuses on
the symbolic dimensions of the League's literature and activities,
in order to explain the attraction of the League's aggressive
ideology to certain social groups. In addition it examines the
relationship between the League and other patriotic societies in
Imperial Germany and analyses the processes by which the
organization succeeded, on the eve of the First World War, in
mobilizing a broad 'national opposition' to the German government.
The study draws on concepts from psychology and anthropology, and
its documentary foundation includes archival material from both the
former East and West Germany.
This volume presents the results of a fifth and final conference on
the history of total war. It is devoted to the Second World War,
which many scholars regard as the paradigmatic instance of total
war. In considering the validity of this proposition, the authors
address a broad range of analytical problems that this vast
conflict posed in the arenas of Europe and Asia. They analyze modes
of combat, war aims, the mobilization of economies and societies,
occupation regimes, the vulnerability of noncombatants, and the
legal and moral issues raised by the industrialized warfare of the
mid-twentieth century. The volume will be of interest to all
students of war and society in the modern era.
The German Empire has been the focus of enormous historical
interest, particularly during the last thirty years, when its
relationship to the Third Reich became an acute historical and
civic problem. This volume provides a comprehensive introduction to
the rich historical literature on the subject. In topical chapters,
a group of leading scholars from six different countries, who have
themselves participated in crafting the historiography of Imperial
Germany, address the principal interpretive issues that have
informed this literature. The volume provides a central reference
for students of modern German and European history. The chapters
present historiographical surveys, which integrate original
analyses and extended bibliographies. The topics covered include
historical geography, agriculture, technology and industrial
growth, demographic and social change, regionalism and
particularism, confessionalism, state and society, education,
political mobilization, the socialist labor movement, the academic
disciplines and social thought, literature and the arts, foreign
policy, colonialism and colonial empire, the armed forces and
military planning, and Imperial Germany during World War I. The
volume provides a central reference for students of modern German
and European history.
This book provides the first thorough examination of the peace
movement in pre-World War I Germany, concentrating on the factors
in German politics and society that account for the movement's
weakness. The author draws on a wide range of documents to survey
the history, organization, and ideologies of the peace groups,
placing them in their social and political context. Working through
schools, churches, the press, political parties, and other
opinion-forming groups, the German peace movement attempted
systematically to promote the idea that the world's nations
composed a harmonious community in which law was the proper means
for resolving disputes. Except for small pockets of support,
however, the movement met only resistance--resistance greater, the
author contends, than elsewhere in the West. Evaluating the reasons
for hostility to the peace movement in Germany, he concludes that
dominant features of German political culture emphasized the
inevitability of international conflict, in the final analysis
because Imperial Germany's ruling elites feared the domestic as
well as the international implications of the movement's program.
Originally published in 1976. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the
latest print-on-demand technology to again make available
previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of
Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original
texts of these important books while presenting them in durable
paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy
Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage
found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University
Press since its founding in 1905.
This book provides the first thorough examination of the peace
movement in pre-World War I Germany, concentrating on the factors
in German politics and society that account for the movement's
weakness. The author draws on a wide range of documents to survey
the history, organization, and ideologies of the peace groups,
placing them in their social and political context. Working through
schools, churches, the press, political parties, and other
opinion-forming groups, the German peace movement attempted
systematically to promote the idea that the world's nations
composed a harmonious community in which law was the proper means
for resolving disputes. Except for small pockets of support,
however, the movement met only resistance--resistance greater, the
author contends, than elsewhere in the West. Evaluating the reasons
for hostility to the peace movement in Germany, he concludes that
dominant features of German political culture emphasized the
inevitability of international conflict, in the final analysis
because Imperial Germany's ruling elites feared the domestic as
well as the international implications of the movement's program.
Originally published in 1976. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the
latest print-on-demand technology to again make available
previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of
Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original
texts of these important books while presenting them in durable
paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy
Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage
found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University
Press since its founding in 1905.
This book explores the impact of the First World War on Imperial
Germany and examines military aspects of the conflict, as well as
the diplomacy, politics, and industrial mobilization of wartime
Germany. Including maps, tables, and illustrations, it also offers
a rich portrait of life on the home front - the war's pervasive
effects on rich and poor, men and women, young and old, farmers and
city-dwellers, Protestants, Catholics, and Jews. It analyzes the
growing burdens of war and the translation of hardship into
political opposition. The new edition incorporates the latest
scholarship and expands the coverage of military action outside
Europe, military occupation, prisoners of war, and the memory of
war. This survey represents the most comprehensive history of
Germany during the First World War. It will be of interest to all
students of German and European history, as well as the history of
war and society.
This volume investigates a critical moment in the history of
warfare. It assembles historians of the early modern and modern
eras to speak to one another across the great historiographical
divide that has traditionally separated them. The central questions
in the volume have to do with the historical place of revolutionary
warfare on both sides of the Atlantic - the degree to which they
extended practices common in the eighteenth century or introduced
fundamentally new forms of warfare. Among the topics covered in the
volume are the global dimensions of warfare, logistics, universal
military service and the mobilization of noncombatants, occupation,
and the impact of war on civilian life in both Europe and North
America.
This volume presents the results of a fifth and final conference on
the history of total war. It is devoted to the Second World War,
which many scholars regard as the paradigmatic instance of total
war. In considering the validity of this proposition, the authors
address a broad range of analytical problems that this vast
conflict posed in the arenas of Europe and Asia. They analyze modes
of combat, war aims, the mobilization of economies and societies,
occupation regimes, the vulnerability of noncombatants, and the
legal and moral issues raised by the industrialized warfare of the
mid-twentieth century. The volume will be of interest to all
students of war and society in the modern era.
This volume investigates a critical moment in the history of
warfare. It assembles historians of the early modern and modern
eras to speak to one another across the great historiographical
divide that has traditionally separated them. The central questions
in the volume have to do with the historical place of revolutionary
warfare on both sides of the Atlantic - the degree to which they
extended practices common in the eighteenth century or introduced
fundamentally new forms of warfare. Among the topics covered in the
volume are the global dimensions of warfare, logistics, universal
military service and the mobilization of noncombatants, occupation,
and the impact of war on civilian life in both Europe and North
America.
The period between the two world wars of the twentieth century was
one of the most challenging in the history of war. In anticipation
of another conflict, military planners and civilian thinkers
struggled after 1918 with the painful implications of World War I.
Given its scope, the wholesale mobilisation of civilian populations
and the targets of civilians via blockades and strategic bombing,
many observers regarded this titanic conflict as a 'total war'.
They also concluded that any future conflict would bear the same
hallmarks; and they planned accordingly. The essays in this
collection, the fourth in a series on the problem of total war,
examine the inter-war period. They explore the consequences of
World War I, the intellectual efforts to analyse this conflict's
military significance, the attempts to plan for another general war
and several episodes in the 1930s that portended the war that
erupted in 1939.
These essays explore the discourse on war in Germany and the United
States between 1871 and 1914 - in the era bounded by the
mid-century wars in Europe and North America and the First World
War. The concept of 'total war', which was prefigured in aspects of
the earlier conflicts and realized in 1914, provides the analytical
focus. The essays reveal vigorous discussions of warfare in several
forums - among soldiers, statesmen, women's groups and educators -
on both sides of the Atlantic. Predictions of long, cataclysmic
wars were not uncommon in these discussions, while the involvement
of German and American soldiers in colonial warfare suggested that
future combat would not spare civilians. Despite these
'anticipations of total war', virtually no one drew the practical
implications in planning for war in the early twentieth century.
The First World War was the first large-scale industrialized
military conflict in the world's history, and it gave birth to the
concept of total war. The essays in this 2000 volume analyse the
experience of the war in light of this concept's implications, in
particular the systematic erosion of distinctions between the
military and civilian spheres. With an emphasis on developments in
Germany, France, Great Britain and the United States, leading
scholars from Europe and North America locate the First World War
along a trajectory that began in the wars of the middle of the
nineteenth century and culminated in worldwide conflict in the
middle of the twentieth. The essays explore the efforts of soldiers
and statesmen, industrialists and financiers, professionals and
civilian activists to adjust to the titanic, pervasive pressures
that the military stalemate on the western front imposed on
belligerent and neutral societies.
In deference to the principle that total war requires total
history, Roger Chickering traces the all-embracing impact of the
First World War on life in the German city of Freiburg. His book
shows how the war took over every facet of life in the city, from
industrial production to the supply of basic material resources,
above all food and fuel. It documents the breakdown of distinctions
between the home front and the fighting front, as the city fell
victim to strategic bombing. It analyzes the war as a sensory
experience, which could be seen, heard, felt, smelled, and tasted
as it exhausted the city, drained it of residents, and eroded civic
bonds among those who remained. Roger Chickering offers the most
comprehensive history ever written of a German city at war. The
book will appeal to urban and military historians, as well as to
social and cultural historians.
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