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America is in the midst of a sports building boom. Professional
sports teams are demanding and receiving fancy new playing
facilities that are heavily subsidized by government. In many
cases, the rationale given for these subsidies is that attracting
or retaining a professional sports franchise--even a minor league
baseball team or a major league pre-season training facility--more
than pays for itself in increased tax revenues, local economic
development, and job creation. But are these claims true? To assess
the case for subsidies, this book examines the economic impact of
new stadiums and the presence of a sports franchise on the local
economy. It first explores such general issues as the appropriate
method for measuring economic benefits and costs, the source of the
bargaining power of teams in obtaining subsidies from local
government, the local politics of attracting and retaining teams,
the relationship between sports and local employment, and the
importance of stadium design in influencing the economic impact of
a facility. The second part of the book contains case studies of
major league sports facilities in Baltimore, Chicago, Cincinnati,
Cleveland, Indianapolis, San Francisco, and the Twin Cities, and of
minor league stadiums and spring training facilities in baseball.
The primary conclusions are: first, sports teams and facilities are
not a source of local economic growth and employment; second, the
magnitude of the net subsidy exceeds the financial benefit of a new
stadium to a team; and, third, the most plausible reasons that
cities are willing to subsidize sports teams are the intense
popularity of sports among a substantial proportion of voters and
businesses and theleverage that teams enjoy from the monopoly
position of professional sports leagues.
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The Technology Pork Barrel (Paperback)
Linda R. Cohen, Roger G. Noll; As told to Jeffrey S. Banks, Susan A. Edelman, William M. Pegram
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R951
Discovery Miles 9 510
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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American public policy has had a long history of technological
optimism. The success of the United States in research and
development contributes to this optimism and leads many to assume
that there is a technological fix for significant national
problems. Since World War II the federal government has been the
major supporter of commercial research and development efforts in a
wide variety of industries. But how successful are these projects?
And equally important, how do economic and policy factors influence
performance and are these influences predictable and
controllable?
Linda Cohen, Roger Noll, and three other economists address
these questions while focusing on the importance of R& D to the
national economy. They examine the codependency between
technological progress and economic growth and explain such matters
as why the private sector often fails to fund commercially
applicable research adequately and why the government should focus
support on some industries and not others. They also analyze
political incentives facing officials who enact and implement
programs and the subsequent forces affecting decisions to continue,
terminate, or redirect them. The central part of this book presents
detailed case histories of six programs: the supersonic transport,
communications satellites, the space shuttle, the breeder reactor,
photovoltaics, and synthetic fuels. The authors conclude with
recommendations for program restructuring to minimize the conflict
between economic objectives and political constraints.
"Many observers agree that federal regulation of business often
fails to prevent monopoly profits, promote technological change, or
protect consumers against market abuses. Why? President Nixon
assigned the task of proposing reforms to his Advisory Council on
Executive Organization, called the Ash Council after its chairman,
Roy L. Ash. The object of both the Council's report and this paper
is to advance the public search for reform. The council suggested
that a leading cause of regulatory failure lies in the organization
of regulatory agencies. This analysis leads to an alternative
view-that the regulatory process is inherently flawed regardless of
agency organization, and the real sources of weakness may be laws
establishing regulatory mandates and the political environment in
which regulation operates. Drawing on the insights of economists,
political scientists, and lawyers, the author examines a number of
federal regulatory agencies and views their performance in the
light of regulatory theory. He prescribes no remedies but suggests
the route to be followed if regulation is to approach its economic
and social goals. "
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which
commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out
and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and
impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes
high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using
print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in
1985.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which
commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out
and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and
impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes
high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using
print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in
1985.
The American research university enjoyed an unprecedented boom
from the end of World War II until the 1990s. All sources of
financial support for universities--federal grants, private gifts,
state appropriations, student tuition, and revenues from university
medical centers--grew substantially. As a result, traditionally
prestigious universities expanded and numerous other universities
were transformed from primarily teaching institutions to
significant research centers. But in the 1990s, research
universities have experienced the first protracted challenge to the
boom of the preceeding four decades. This book examines the nature
of the challenges to research universities, and their likely
effects on the number, size, and operation of these universities.
The authors assess the prospects for research support from
government, industry, and profits from university medical centers,
and conclude that the future does not appear bright in these cases.
They also examine the methods used by the federal government to pay
for university research, and propose changes that would make both
universities and the federal government better off by reducing the
administrative costs of federal grants. Their primary conclusion is
that in the next decade American research universities will face
increasingly stringent budgets, and will be forced to shrink and
refocus their activities in order to survive as research
institutions.
Rapid progress in information technologies has produced an
ever-broadening array of choices in information products. At the
same time, it has caused historically segmented industries, such as
television, telephones, computers, and print media, to converge and
compete. The result is a cornucopia of products and potential in
communications along with enormous strain on the governmental
institutions that use and regulate information technology. The
essays in this book provide a broad look at the many ways that
information technology relates to issues of governance and public
policy. Adjusting regulatory instititions to the new technical
realities is a great challenge. Will monopoly power threaten the
traditionally regulated areas of telephones and cable television or
the software systems that integrate all information technologies
into a single system with many competing players? Can traditional
approaches to intellectual property rights and control of socially
harmful content be applied to the converged information sector?
This book sheds light on these issues, and in so doing demonstrates
the usefulness of rigorous, multidisciplinary policy analysis in
assessing the significance of changing technology.
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