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This book situates the archaeological evidence from Iran within a
framework of issues and debates of relevance today. Richly adorned
with more than 500 illustrations, many of them in colour, and
accompanied by a bibliography with more than 3000 entries, this
book will be appreciated as a major research resource for anyone
concerned to learn more about the role of ancient Iran in shaping
the modern world.
Ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), was the original site of many of the major developments in human history, such as farming, the rise of urban literate societies and the first great empires of Akkad, Babylonia and Assyria. The work of archaeologists is central to our understanding of Mesopotamia's past; this innovative volume evaluates the theories, methods, approaches and history of Mesopotamian archaeology from its origins in the nineteenth century up to the present day. Dr Matthews places the discipline within its historical and social context, and explains how archaeologists conduct their research through excavation, survey and other methods. In four fundamental chapters, he uses illustrated case-studies to show how archaeologists have approached central themes such as * the shift from hunting to farming * complex societies * empires and imperialism * everyday life This is the only critical guide to the theory and method of Mesopotamian archaeology. It will be both an ideal introductory work and useful as background reading on a wide range of courses.
Ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), was the original site of many of the major developments in human history, such as farming, the rise of urban literate societies and the first great empires of Akkad, Babylonia and Assyria. The work of archaeologists is central to our understanding of Mesopotamia's past; this innovative volume evaluates the theories, methods, approaches and history of Mesopotamian archaeology from its origins in the nineteenth century up to the present day. Dr Matthews places the discipline within its historical and social context, and explains how archaeologists conduct their research through excavation, survey and other methods. In four fundamental chapters, he uses illustrated case-studies to show how archaeologists have approached central themes such as * the shift from hunting to farming * complex societies * empires and imperialism * everyday life This is the only critical guide to the theory and method of Mesopotamian archaeology. It will be both an ideal introductory work and useful as background reading on a wide range of courses.
This book situates the archaeological evidence from Iran within a
framework of issues and debates of relevance today. Richly adorned
with more than 500 illustrations, many of them in colour, and
accompanied by a bibliography with more than 3000 entries, this
book will be appreciated as a major research resource for anyone
concerned to learn more about the role of ancient Iran in shaping
the modern world.
The Eastern Fertile Crescent region of western Iran and eastern
Iraq hosted major developments in the transition from
hunter-forager to farmer-herder lifestyles through the Early
Neolithic period, 10,000-7000 BC. Within the scope of the Central
Zagros Archaeological Project, excavations have been conducted
since 2012 at two Early Neolithic sites in the Kurdistan region of
Iraq: Bestansur and Shimshara. Bestansur represents an early stage
in the transition to sedentary, farming life, where the inhabitants
pursued a mixed strategy of hunting, foraging, herding and
cultivating, maximising the new opportunities afforded by the
warmer, wetter climate of the Early Holocene. They also constructed
substantial buildings of mudbrick, including a major building with
a minimum of 65 human individuals, mainly infants, buried under its
floor in association with hundreds of beads. These human remains
provide new insights into mortuary practices, demography, diet and
disease during the early stages of sedentarisation. The material
culture of Bestansur and Shimshara is rich in imported items such
as obsidian, carnelian and sea-shells, indicating the extent to
which Early Neolithic communities were networked across the Eastern
Fertile Crescent and beyond. This volume includes final reports by
a large-scale interdisciplinary team on all aspects of the results
from excavations at Bestansur and Shimshara, through application of
state-of-the-art scientific techniques, methods and analyses. The
net result is to re-emphasise the enormous significance of the
Eastern Fertile Crescent in one of the most important episodes in
human history: the Neolithic transition.
Prostitution has become an extremely topical issue in recent years
and attention has focused both on the situation of female
prostitutes and the adequacy of existing forms of regulation.
Prostitution, Politics & Policy brings together the main
debates and issues associated with prostitution in order to examine
the range of policy options that are available. Governments in
different parts of the world have been struggling to develop
constructive policies to deal with prostitution - as, for example,
the British Home Office recently instigated a GBP1.5 million
programme to help address the perceived problems of prostitution.
In the context of this struggle, and amidst the publication of
various policy documents, Prostitution, Politics & Policy
develops a fresh approach to understanding this issue, while
presenting a range of what are seen as progressive and radical
policy proposals. Much of the debate around prostitution has been
polarized between liberals - who want prostitution decriminalized,
normalized and humanized - and conservatives - who have argued that
prostitution should be abolished. But, drawing on a wide range of
international literature, and providing an overview that is both
accessible to students and relevant to policy makers and
practitioners, Roger Matthews proposes a form of radical realism
that is irreducible to either of these two positions.
Prostitution has become an extremely topical issue in recent years
and attention has focused both on the situation of female
prostitutes and the adequacy of existing forms of regulation.
Prostitution, Politics and Policy brings together the main debates
and issues associated with prostitution in order to examine the
range of policy options that are available. Governments in
different parts of the world have been struggling to develop
constructive policies to deal with prostitution - as, for example,
the British Home Office recently instigated a GBP1.5 million
programme to help address the perceived problems of prostitution.In
the context of this struggle, and amidst the publication of various
policy documents, Prostitution, Politics and Policy develops a
fresh approach to understanding this issue, while presenting a
range of what are seen as progressive and radical policy proposals.
Much of the debate around prostitution has been polarised between
liberals - who want prostitution decriminalised, normalised and
humanised - and conservatives - who have argued that prostitution
should be abolished. But, drawing on wide range of international
literature, and providing an overview that is both accessible to
students and relevant to policy makers and practitioners, in this
book Roger Matthews proposes a form of radical realism that is
irreducible to either of these two positions.
This book provides an overview of recent government initiatives in
the field of crime and punishment, reviewing both the policies
themselves, the perceived problems and issues they seek to address,
and the broader social and political context in which this is
taking place. The underlying theme of the book is that a
qualitative change has taken place in the politics of crime control
in the UK since the early 1990s. Although crime has stabilized,
imprisonment rates continue to climb, there is a new mood of
punitiveness, and crime has become a central policy issue for the
government, no longer just a technical matter of law enforcement.
At the same time the politics of crime control have taken on a
pronounced gender, race and age preoccupation. There are many
parallels with the changing nature of crime control in the USA, and
the contributors draw on international comparisons in their
respective chapters. The book brings together a team of
contributors based at Middlesex University, one o
This book provides an overview of recent government initiatives in
the field of crime and punishment, reviewing both the policies
themselves, the perceived problems and issues they seek to address,
and the broader social and political context in which this is
taking place. The underlying theme of the book is that a
qualitative change has taken place in the politics of crime control
in the UK since the early 1990s. Although crime has stabilized,
imprisonment rates continue to climb, there is a new mood of
punitiveness, and crime has become a central policy issue for the
government, no longer just a technical matter of law enforcement.
At the same time the politics of crime control have taken on a
pronounced gender, race and age preoccupation. There are many
parallels with the changing nature of crime control in the USA, and
the contributors draw on international comparisons in their
respective chapters. The book brings together a team of
contributors based at Middlesex University, one o
This book provides an analytic overview and assessment of the changing nature of crime prevention, disorder and community safety in contemporary society. Bringing together nine original articles from leading national and international authorities on these issues, the book examines recent developments in relation to a number of specific groups - the disadvantaged, the socially excluded, youth, women and ethnic minorities. Topics covered include: * the increase in local authority responsibility for crime control and community safety * the development of inter-agency alliances * the changing nature of policing * the passing of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. eBook available with sample pages: 0203470990
This book provides an analytic overview and assessment of the changing nature of crime prevention, disorder and community safety in contemporary society. Bringing together nine original articles from leading national and international authorities on these issues, the book examines recent developments in relation to a number of specific groups - the disadvantaged, the socially excluded, youth, women and ethnic minorities. Topics covered include: * the increase in local authority's responsibility for crime control and community safety * the development of inter-agency alliances * the changing nature of policing * and the passing of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. eBook available with sample pages: HB:0415242304
The allure of Egypt is not exclusive to the modern world. Egypt
also held a fascination and attraction for people of the past. In
this book, academics from a wide range of disciplines assess the
significance of Egypt within the settings of its past. The
chronological span is from later prehistory, through to the
earliest literate eras of interaction with Mesopotamia and the
Levant, the Aegean, Greece and Rome. Ancient Perspectives on Egypt
includes both archaeological and documented evidence, which ranges
from the earliest writing attested in Egypt and Mesopotamia in the
late fourth millennium BC, to graffiti from Abydos that demonstrate
pilgrimages from all over the Mediterranean world, to the views of
Roman poets on the nature of Egypt. This book presents, for the
first time in a single volume, a multi-faceted but coherent
collection of images of Egypt from, and of, the past.
The allure of Egypt is not exclusive to the modern world. Egypt
also held a fascination and attraction for people of the past. In
this book, academics from a wide range of disciplines assess the
significance of Egypt within the settings of its past. The
chronological span is from later prehistory, through to the
earliest literate eras of interaction with Mesopotamia and the
Levant, the Aegean, Greece and Rome. Ancient Perspectives on Egypt
includes both archaeological and documented evidence, which ranges
from the earliest writing attested in Egypt and Mesopotamia in the
late fourth millennium BC, to graffiti from Abydos that demonstrate
pilgrimages from all over the Mediterranean world, to the views of
Roman poets on the nature of Egypt. This book presents, for the
first time in a single volume, a multi-faceted but coherent
collection of images of Egypt from, and of, the past.
This book responds to the claim that criminology is becoming
socially and politically irrelevant despite its exponential
expansion as an academic sub-discipline. It does so by addressing
the question 'what is to be done' in relation to a number of major
issues associated with crime and punishment. The original
contributions to this volume are provided by leading international
experts in a wide range of issues. They address imprisonment,
drugs, gangs, cybercrime, prostitution, domestic violence, crime
control, as well as white collar and corporate crime. Written in an
accessible style, this collection aims to contribute to the
development of a more public criminology and encourages students
and researchers at all levels to engage in a form of criminology
that is more socially relevant and more useful.
Armed robbery is regarded as one of the most serious crimes, and is widely reported in the media. This book provides an account of armed robbery, based on research with 350 robbers in prison, and on work with two police armed response units.
Anti-Social Behaviour Orders (ASBOs) have become the main sanction
for dealing with anti-social behaviour in the UK. This book
represents one of the first assessments of this sanction, which has
become widely used but remains extremely controversial. The report
is based on detailed interviews with ASBO recipients, practitioners
and community representatives in areas affected by anti-social
behaviour. Examining its use and impact from these various
perspectives, the book assesses the effects of ASBOs on the
behaviour and attitudes of recipients as well as examining the
various issues which arise in relation to their implementation. The
report should be read by academics and students who want to make
sense of ASBOs, practitioners who are involved in implementing them
as well as policy makers who are responsible for designing this
sanction. It will also be of interest to all those who have an
interest in addressing the issue of anti-social behaviour.
This book responds to the claim that criminology is becoming
socially and politically irrelevant despite its exponential
expansion as an academic sub-discipline. It does so by addressing
the question 'what is to be done' in relation to a number of major
issues associated with crime and punishment. The original
contributions to this volume are provided by leading international
experts in a wide range of issues. They address imprisonment,
drugs, gangs, cybercrime, prostitution, domestic violence, crime
control, as well as white collar and corporate crime. Written in an
accessible style, this collection aims to contribute to the
development of a more public criminology and encourages students
and researchers at all levels to engage in a form of criminology
that is more socially relevant and more useful.
"Doing Time" is an essential text for students in criminology and
criminal justice - a one-stop overview of key debates in punishment
and imprisonment. This edition, thoroughly revised and updated
throughout, is a highly accessible guide, providing the tools to
critically engage with today's central issues in penology and penal
policy.
Examining imprisonment both historically and sociologically, and in
international perspective, "Doing Time" outlines theoretical
debates, and goes beyond standard introductory texts to help
students develop their own critical and informed opinions.
This new edition includes:
- three new chapters
- an up-to-date bibliography
- fully revised statistical information
- a guide to key internet resources
Issues explored include:
- how incarceration became established as the foremost form of
punishment
- the role of space, time and labor in the evolution of prisons and
prison life
- why prison populations are rising despite the fall in crime
figures
- an examination of key prison populations - juveniles, women and
ethnic groups
- crime and the business cycle - links between crime, unemployment
and imprisonment
- globalization and crime control
- the future of imprisonment
A collection of original articles from a number of the world's
leading authorities on imprisonment. The aim of the book is to
review the current state of imprisonment around the world and to
look at possible future developments. The underlying theme of the
book is that imprisonment is undergoing a significant change in a
number of different countries and that there are important lessons
which can be learned from the analysis of these changes. At the
same time this book is perceived as a 'state of the art' collection
which provides an informed and comprehensive analysis of the major
aspects of imprisonment. Consequently the book should be of
interest to a wide-ranging international audience of academic
researchers and policy-makers as well as students.
The period c. 10,000-5000 BC witnessed fundamental changes in the
human condition with societies across the Fertile Crescent shifting
their alignment from millennia-old practices of seasonally mobile
hunting and foraging to year-round sedentism, plant cultivation and
animal herding. The significant role of Iran in the early stages of
this transition was recognised more than half a century ago but has
not been to the fore of academic consciousness in recent decades.
In the meantime, investigations into Neolithic transformation have
proceeded apace in all other regions of the Fertile Crescent and
beyond. Here, 18 studies attempt to redress that balance in
re-assessing the role of Iran in the early neolithisation of human
societies. These studies, many of them by Iranian scholars,
consider patterns of change and/or continuity across a variety of
topographical landscapes; investigate Neolithic settlement
patterns, the use of caves, animal exploitation and environmental
indicators and present new insights into some well-known and some
newly investigated sites. The results re-affirm the formative role
of this region in the transition to sedentary farming.
Over a period of several millennia, from the Late Pleistocene to
the Early Holocene (c. 13,000-7000 BC), communities in south-west
Asia developed from hunter-foragers to villager-farmers, bringing
fundamental changes in all aspects of life. These Neolithic
developments took place over vast chronological and geographical
scales, with considerable regional variability in specific
trajectories of change. Two vital and consistent aspects of change
were a shift from mobile to sedentary lifestyles and increasingly
intensive human management of animal and plant resources, leading
to full domestication of particular species. Building on earlier
campaigns of archaeological investigation, the current phase of the
Central Zagros Archaeological Project is designed to explore these
issues in one key region, the Zagros zone including central west
Iran. Two Early Neolithic mounds were excavated: Sheikh-e Abad in
the high Zagros and Jani, in the foothills of the Mesopotamian
plains, each comprising up to 10 m depth of deposits indicating
occupation spanning over 2000 years, and providing great scope for
diachronic and spatial analyses. These two sites make major
contributions to knowledge regarding the origins of sedentism and
increasing resource management in Southwest Asia, and associated
developments in social, cultural and ritual practices in this
formative region of human cultural development.
"Doing Time" is an essential text for students in criminology and
criminal justice - a one-stop overview of key debates in punishment
and imprisonment. This edition, thoroughly revised and updated
throughout, is a highly accessible guide, providing the tools to
critically engage with today's central issues in penology and penal
policy.
Examining imprisonment both historically and sociologically, and in
international perspective, "Doing Time" outlines theoretical
debates, and goes beyond standard introductory texts to help
students develop their own critical and informed opinions.
This new edition includes:
- three new chapters
- an up-to-date bibliography
- fully revised statistical information
- a guide to key internet resources
Issues explored include:
- how incarceration became established as the foremost form of
punishment
- the role of space, time and labor in the evolution of prisons and
prison life
- why prison populations are rising despite the fall in crime
figures
- an examination of key prison populations - juveniles, women and
ethnic groups
- crime and the business cycle - links between crime, unemployment
and imprisonment
- globalization and crime control
- the future of imprisonment
Tell Brak in Syria is one of the largest and most important
multi-period sites in northern Mesopotamia. Excavations in
1994-1996 cast new light on everyday life at the settlement through
several phases of occupation from the early 4th millennium BC to
the 2nd millennium BC. Volume 4 in the Tell Brak Monograph series
provides an account of the architecture, artefacts, and
environmental evidence, supported by a program of radiocarbon
dating. The results emphasize the indigenous nature of cultural
development in Upper Mesopotamia during these millennia. Among the
highlights are a small temple dating to the Ninevite 5 period
(earlier 3rd millennium BC), which provides new insights into a
phenomenon that has hitherto been little explored; and an
exceptional hoard of precious materials and artefacts that
underlines the importance of Tell Brak in the later 3rd millennium
BC. The report is completed by studies of subsistence, diet,
economy, use of space, and craft activities, which focus on the
variabilities and continuities in daily life that underlay the
shifting political and cultural forces. These studies highlight the
unique position of Tell Brak in the long-term ebb and flow of
regional interactions across Mesopotamia.
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