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The Wheat Genome (1st ed. 2024)
Rudi Appels, Kellye Eversole, Catherine Feuillet, Dusti Gallagher
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Discovery Miles 16 660
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This open access book provides the first comprehensive coverage of
the wheat genome sequence since the publication of the draft and
reference sequences for bread wheat and durum wheat. It presents an
overview and all aspects of the gold standard sequence of the bread
wheat genome, IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 and its subsequent improvements
through 2022 (IWGSC RefSeq v2.1), as well as the sequencing of
multiple elite wheat varieties, durum wheat, and ancient wheat. The
book provides a broad and extensive review of the resources, tools,
and methodologies available for exploiting the wheat genome
sequence for crop improvement and studying fundamental questions
related to the structure, function, and evolution of the wheat
genome. Wheat (Tritcum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown crop
in the world, contributing approximately 20 percent of total
calories and more protein in human diets than any other single
source. This book is useful to students, teachers, and scientists
in academia and industry interested in gaining an understanding of
the wheat genome and its application as well as plant scientists
generally interested in polyploid plant species.
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ) tuber is a major food source in
many countries of the world, and subsequently potato has been the
target of a good deal of effort directed at engineering disease and
herbicide tolerance, and improvements in various crop
characteristics. Consequently investigations into the regulation of
gene expression in tubers is relevant to these endeavours, as
tubers are the main target organ for modification of gene
expression. We have been interested in the regulation of genes in
tubers for these reasons. Morphologically tubers are modified
stems, which have enlarged radially by limited cell division and
substantial expansion. At the molecular level, tuber development is
characterised by a massive increase in starch deposition and the
synthesis of a limited number of abundant proteins. These include
proteinase inhibitors and a 40kd group of proteins called patatin,
which are acyl hydrolases. Together these proteins account for over
50% of tuber proteins (reviewed by Bevan, 1991). The synthesis of
these proteins has parallels to the synthesis of other somatic
storage proteins, especially the VSP proteins of soybean. In both
potato and soybean, removal of the sink for these proteins (tubers
and pods, respectively) causes deposition in other tissues
(Staswick, 1990). It is hypothesised that transcriptional control
of the genes encoding these proteins is regulated in part by
source-sink relationships of metabolites or other factors. In the
case of VSPs, both amino acid levels and jasmonic acid play a major
regulatory role (Staswick et aI.
"These books present a comprehensive coverage of issues facing
wheat production globally. The authors represent the top scientists
involved in the diverse areas that are important for sustainable
wheat production and will this book provides an excellent resource
for those interested in wheat improvement and production." Dr
Hans-Joachim Braun, Director Global Wheat Program and CRP Wheat,
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico
Wheat is the most widely cultivated cereal in the world and a
staple food for around 3 billion people. It has been estimated that
demand for wheat could increase by up to 60% by 2050. There is an
urgent need to increase yields in the face of such challenges as
climate change, threats from pests and diseases and the need to
make cultivation more resource-efficient and sustainable. Drawing
on an international range of expertise, this collection focuses on
ways of improving the cultivation of wheat at each step in the
value chain, from breeding to post-harvest storage. Volume 1
reviews research in wheat breeding and quality traits as well as
diseases and pests and their management. Chapters in Part 1 review
advances in understanding of wheat physiology and genetics and how
this has informed developments in breeding, including developing
varieties with desirable traits such as drought tolerance. Part 2
discusses aspects of nutritional and processing quality. Chapters
in Part 3 cover research on key wheat diseases and their control as
well as the management of insect pests and weeds. Achieving
sustainable cultivation of wheat Volume 1: Breeding, quality
traits, pests and diseases will be a standard reference for cereal
scientists in universities, government and other research centres
and companies involved in wheat cultivation. It is accompanied by
Volume 2 which reviews improvements in cultivation techniques.
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ) tuber is a major food source in
many countries of the world, and subsequently potato has been the
target of a good deal of effort directed at engineering disease and
herbicide tolerance, and improvements in various crop
characteristics. Consequently investigations into the regulation of
gene expression in tubers is relevant to these endeavours, as
tubers are the main target organ for modification of gene
expression. We have been interested in the regulation of genes in
tubers for these reasons. Morphologically tubers are modified
stems, which have enlarged radially by limited cell division and
substantial expansion. At the molecular level, tuber development is
characterised by a massive increase in starch deposition and the
synthesis of a limited number of abundant proteins. These include
proteinase inhibitors and a 40kd group of proteins called patatin,
which are acyl hydrolases. Together these proteins account for over
50% of tuber proteins (reviewed by Bevan, 1991). The synthesis of
these proteins has parallels to the synthesis of other somatic
storage proteins, especially the VSP proteins of soybean. In both
potato and soybean, removal of the sink for these proteins (tubers
and pods, respectively) causes deposition in other tissues
(Staswick, 1990). It is hypothesised that transcriptional control
of the genes encoding these proteins is regulated in part by
source-sink relationships of metabolites or other factors. In the
case of VSPs, both amino acid levels and jasmonic acid play a major
regulatory role (Staswick et aI.
A Historical Perspective on the Study of Chromosome Structure and
Function R. Appels Division of Plant Industry CSIRO P.O. Box 1600
A.C.T. AUSTRALIA "Modern physical science gives us no model to
explain the re duplication of the gene-string in each cell
generation, or to ex plain the production of effective quantities
of specific enzymes or other agents by specific genes. The precise
pairing and inter change of segments by homologous gene-strings at
meiosis also suggest novel physical properties of this form of
matter." Stadler (1954) The very strong influence of reductionism
in the history of understanding chromosome structure and function
is evident in the above quotation from Stadler's 1954 paper, "The
gene." Earlyob servations on the constancy of the cytological
appearance of chromo somes and their regular behaviour in cell
division led to specula tion on their biological importance. As
genetics became more refined in the early decades of the 20th
century the genes-on-a string model of chromosomes developed and
greater emphasis was placed on the further dissection of these
structures. As a result, in the 1980's the reductionist approach is
reaching a crest as extensive regions of the genetic material are
being sequenced."
Chromosome biology has been brought to a golden age by phenomenal
advanced in molecular genetics and techniques. This is true in the
plant arena, and it is becoming increasingly true in animal
studies, where chromosomes are more difficult to work with. With
advanced knowledge of transformation, scientists can tell exactly
where a new element enters a chromosome. Conversely, molecular
biologists can make large mistakes if they do not understand the
behavior of chromosomes. Written by internationally recognized
experts in the field, this book is the most authoritative work on
the subject to date. Students of genetics, crop science and plant
breeding, entomology, animal science, and related fields will
benefit from this comprehensive and practical textbook.
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