Analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) converters provide the link between the analog world of transducers and the digital world of signal processing, computing and other digital data collection or data processing systems. Several types of converters have been designed, each using the best available technology at a given time for a given application. For example, high-performance bipolar and MOS technologies have resulted in the design of high-resolution or high-speed converters with applications in digital audio and video systems. In addition, high-speed bipolar technologies enable conversion speeds to reach the gigaHertz range and thus have applications in HDTV and digital oscilloscopes. Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters describes in depth the theory behind and the practical design of these circuits. It describes the different techniques to improve the accuracy in high-resolution A/D and D/A converters and also special techniques to reduce the number of elements in high-speed A/D converters by repetitive use of comparators. Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters is the most comprehensive book available on the subject. Starting from the basic elements of theory necessary for a complete understanding of the design of A/D and D/A converters, this book describes the design of high-speed A/D converters, high-accuracy D/A and A/D converters, sample-and-hold amplifiers, voltage and current reference sources, noise-shaping coding and sigma-delta converters. Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters contains a comprehensive bibliography and index and also includes a complete set of problems. This book is ideal for use in an advanced course on the subject and is an essential reference for researchers and practicing engineers.

This book contains the revised contributions of all the speakers of the fifth AACD Workshop which was held in Lausanne on April 2-4, 1996. It was organized by Dr Vlado Valence of the EPFL University and MEAD of Lausanne. The program consisted of six tutorials per day during three days. The tutorials were presented by experts in the field. They were selected by a program committee consisting of Prof. Willy Sansen of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Prof. Rudy van de Plassche of Philips Research and the University of Technology Eindhoven and Prof. 10han Huijsing of the Delft University of Technology. The three topics mentioned above have been selected because of their importance in present days analog design. The other topics that have been discussed before are: in 1992 : Operational amplifiers Analog to digital convereters Analog computer aided design in 1993 : Mixed AID cicuit design Sensor interface circuits Communication circuits in 1994 : Low-power low-voltage design Integrated filters Smart power circuits in 1995 : Low-noise, low-power, low-voltage design Mixed-mode design with CAD tools Voltage, current and time references Each AACD workhop has given rise to the publication of a book by Kluwer entitled "Analog Circuit Design". This is thus the fifth book. This series of books provides a valuable overview of all analog circuit design techniques and achievements. It is a reference for whoever is engaged in this discipline.

This new book on Analog Circuit Design contains the revised contributions of all the tutorial speakers of the eight workshop AACD (Advances in Analog Circuit Design), which was held at Nice, France on March 23-25, 1999. The workshop was organized by Yves Leduc of TI Nice, France. The program committee consisted of Willy Sansen, K.U.Leuven, Belgium, Han Huijsing, T.U.Delft, The Netherlands and Rudy van de Plassche, T.U.Eindhoven, The Netherlands. The aim of these AACD workshops is to bring together a restricted group of about 100 people who are personally advancing the frontiers of analog circuit design to brainstorm on new possibilities and future developments in a restricted number of fields. They are concentrated around three topics. In each topic six speakers give a tutorial presentation. Eighteen papers are thus included in this book. The topics of 1999 are: (X)DSL and other communication systems RF MOST models Integrated filters and oscillators The other topics, which have been coverd before, are: 1992 Operational amplifiers A-D Converters Analog CAD 1993 Mixed-mode A]D design Sensor interfaces Communication circuits 1994 Low-power low-voltage design Integrated filters Smart power 1995 Low-noise low-power low-voltge design Mixed-mode design with CAD tools Voltage, current and time references vii viii 1996 RF CMOS circuit design Bandpass sigma-delta and other data converters Translinear circuits 1997 RF A-D Converters Sensor and actuator interfaces Low-noise oscillators, PLL's and synthesizers 1998 I-Volt electronics Design and implementation of mixed-mode systems Low-noise amplifiers and RF power amplifiers for telecommunications

Sigma delta modulation has become a very useful and widely applied technique for high performance Analog-to-Digital (A/D) conversion of narrow band signals. Through the use of oversampling and negative feedback, the quantization errors of a coarse quantizer are suppressed in a narrow signal band in the output of the modulator. Bandpass sigma delta modulation is well suited for A/D conversion of narrow band signals modulated on a carrier, as occurs in communication systems such as AM/FM receivers and mobile phones. Due to the nonlinearity of the quantizer in the feedback loop, a sigma delta modulator may exhibit input signal dependent stability properties. The same combination of the nonlinearity and the feedback loop complicates the stability analysis. In Bandpass Sigma Delta Modulators, the describing function method is used to analyze the stability of the sigma delta modulator. The linear gain model commonly used for the quantizer fails to predict small signal stability properties and idle patterns accurately. In Bandpass Sigma Delta Modulators an improved model for the quantizer is introduced, extending the linear gain model with a phase shift. Analysis shows that the phase shift of a sampled quantizer is in fact a phase uncertainty. Stability analysis of sigma delta modulators using the extended model allows accurate prediction of idle patterns and calculation of small-signal stability boundaries for loop filter parameters. A simplified rule of thumb is derived and applied to bandpass sigma delta modulators. The stability properties have a considerable impact on the design of single-loop, one-bit, high-order continuous-time bandpass sigma delta modulators. The continuous-time bandpass loop filter structure should have sufficient degrees of freedom to implement the desired (small-signal stable) sigma delta modulator behavior. Bandpass Sigma Delta Modulators will be of interest to practicing engineers and researchers in the areas of mixed-signal and analog integrated circuit design.

This book contains the extended and revised versions of the talks of all speakers presented at the sixth AACD Workshop held in Villa Olmo, April 2-4 1997 Como, Italy. The local chairman was Pietro Erratico and the organization was performed by Isabella De Quattro both of SGS Thomson Microelectronics Cornareda and Agrate Brianza Italy. The program consisted of six tutorials per day during three days. These tutorials were presented by experts in the field to give state of the art information. Program topics for the following workshop are selected by the audience at the end of the workshop. The program committee, consisting of 10han Huijsing of Delft University of Technology, Willy Sansen of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Rudy van de Plassche of Philips Research Labs and University of Technology Eindhoven elaborates the selected topics into a three day program and selects the experts in the field for presentation. Each AACD Workshop has given rise to the publication of a book by Kluwer entitled "Analog Circuit Design." This series of six books in a row provides a valuable overview of all analog circuit techniques concerning design, CAD, simulation and device modeling and can be seen as a reference to those involved in analog circuits."

Some examples have been presented of BiCMOS circuit design in mixed- signal ASICs. It is by no means an exhaustive list. Many cells have not been mentioned, including 300MHz CMOS Video DACs, 20 Bit Sigma-Delta ADCs, Real-time and Switched-Cap Filters, Line Drivers and Receivers and many more. References. [1] J.Corcoran "High Speed Sample and Hold and Analog-to-Digital Converter Circuits",Advances in Analog Circuit Design, April1992. [2] Y.S.Yee,L.M.Terman and L.G.Heller "A lmV MOS comparator," IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-13, June 1978. [3] M.Timko and P.Holloway "Circuit Techniques for Achieving High Speed- High Resolution AID Conversion" IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-15, No.6, December 1980. [4] W.H. Gross "New High Speed Amplifier Design, Design Techniques and Layout Problems", Advances in Analog Circuit Design, April 1992. MIXED SIGNAL ASIC DESIGN FOR AUTOMOTIVE AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS H. Casicr Mietcc Alcatel, Brussels, Belgium ABSTRACT This paper describes the special aspects of mixed signal design in the ASIC environment. The knowledge of the application specific environment and of the function of the ASIC can be used advantageously to lower the cost and to enhance the performance at all levels of design. Several examples of this cost improvement and performance enhancement at device, circuit and system level are shown.

The realization of signal sampling and quantization at high sample rates with low power dissipation is an important goal in many applications, includ ing portable video devices such as camcorders, personal communication devices such as wireless LAN transceivers, in the read channels of magnetic storage devices using digital data detection, and many others. This paper describes architecture and circuit approaches for the design of high-speed, low-power pipeline analog-to-digital converters in CMOS. Here the term high speed is taken to imply sampling rates above 1 Mhz. In the first section the dif ferent conversion techniques applicable in this range of sample rates is dis cussed. Following that the particular problems associated with power minimization in video-rate pipeline ADCs is discussed. These include optimi zation of capacitor sizes, design of low-voltage transmission gates, and opti mization of switched capacitor gain blocks and operational amplifiers for minimum power dissipation. As an example of the application of these tech niques, the design of a power-optimized lO-bit pipeline AID converter (ADC) that achieves =1. 67 mW per MS/s of sampling rate from 1 MS/s to 20 MS/s is described. 2. Techniques for CMOS Video-Rate AID Conversion Analog-to-digital conversion techniques can be categorized in many ways. One convenient means of comparing techniques is to examine the number of "analog clock cycles" required to produce one effective output sample of the signal being quantized."

Johan H. Huijsing This book contains 18 tutorial papers concentrated on 3 topics, each topic being covered by 6 papers. The topics are: Low-Noise, Low-Power, Low-Voltage Mixed-Mode Design with CAD Tools Voltage, Current, and Time References The papers of this book were written by top experts in the field, currently working at leading European and American universities and companies. These papers are the reviewed versions of the papers presented at the Workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design. which was held in Villach, Austria, 26-28 April 1995. The chairman of the Workshop was Dr. Franz Dielacher from Siemens, Austria. The program committee existed of Johan H. Huijsing from the Delft University of Technology, Prof.Willy Sansen from the Catholic University of Leuven, and Dr. Rudy 1. van der Plassche from Philips Eindhoven. This book is the fourth of aseries dedicated to the design of analog circuits. The topics which were covered earlier were: Operational Amplifiers Analog to Digital Converters Analog Computer Aided Design Mixed AlD Circuit Design Sensor Interface Circuits Communication Circuits Low-Power, Low-Voltage Integrated Filters Smart Power As the Workshop will be continued year by year, a valuable series of topics will be built up from all the important areas of analog circuit design. I hope that this book will help designers of analog circuits to improve their work and to speed it up.

This book contains the revised contributions of 18 tutorial speakers at the seventh AACD '98 in Copenhagen, April 28-30, 1998. The conference was organized by OIe Olesen, ofthe Technical University of Denmark. The pro gram committee consisted of Johan H. Huijsing from Delft University ofTechnology, The Netherlands, Willy Samsen from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium and Rudy J. van de Plassche, Philips Research, The Netherlands. The pro gram was concentrated around three important topics in analog circuit design. Each of these three topics has been covered by six papers. Each of the three chapters of this book contains the six papers of one topic. The three topics are: I-Volt Electronics Design and implementation ofMixed Modes Systems. Low-Noise and RF power Amplifies for the communication. Other topics, which have been covered in this series before are: 1992 OpAmps ADC's AnalogCAD. 1993 Mixed-Mode AlD design Sensor Interfaces Communication circuits. 1994 Low-Power low-Voltage Integrated Filters Smart Power. 1995 Low-Noise, Low-Power, Low-Voltage Mixed Mode with CAD Tirals Voltage, Current and Time References. vii viii 1996 RF CMOS circuit design BandpassSigma Delta and other Converters Translinear circuits. 1997 RF A-D Converters Sensor and Actuator Interfaces Low-noise Oscillators, PLL's and and Synthesizers. We hope to serve the analog design community with these series of books and plan to continue this series in the future.

This book contains the extended and revised editions of all the talks of the ninth AACD Workshop held in Hotel Bachmair, April 11 - 13 2000 in Rottach-Egem, Germany. The local organization was managed by Rudolf Koch of Infineon Technologies AG, Munich, Germany. The program consisted of six tutorials per day during three days. Experts in the field presented these tutorials and state of the art information is communicated. The audience at the end of the workshop selects program topics for the following workshop. The program committee, consisting of Johan Huijsing of Delft University of Technology, Willy Sansen of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Rudy van de Plassche of Broadcom Netherlands BV Bunnik elaborates the selected topics into a three-day program and selects experts in the field for presentation. Each AACD Workshop has given rise to publication of a book by Kluwer entitled "Analog Circuit Design." A series of nine books in a row provides valuable information and good overviews of all analog circuit techniques concerning design, CAD, simulation and device modeling. These books can be seen as a reference to those people involved in analog and mixed signal design. The aim of the workshop is to brainstorm on new and valuable design ideas in the area of analog circuit design. It is the hope of the program committee that this ninth book continues the tradition of emerging contributions to the design of analog and mixed signal systems in Europe and the rest of the world.

This volume of Analog Circuit Design concentrates on 3 topics: High-Speed Analog-to-Digital Converters, Mixed Signal Design and PLLs and Synthesizers. The book comprises 6 papers on each topic written by internationally recognized experts. These papers have a tutorial nature aimed at improving the design of analog circuits. The book is divided into 3 parts: Part I, High-Speed Analog-to-Digital Converters, describes the latest techniques for producing analog-to-digital converters for applications in disk drives, radio circuits, XDSL and super HiFi audio conversion. Converters having resolutions between 7-bit and 12-bit using CMOS techniques are presented. A 13-bit bandpass sigma-delta modulator for IF signal conversion concludes this part. Part II, Mixed Signal Design, presents papers that detail nearly all known techniques and design issues for mixed signal circuits using CAD tools. Applications for telecom, sigma-delta converters, systems-on-a-chip and RF circuitry are described. Part III, PLLs and Synthesizers, illustrates up-to-date techniques for combination of inductors on a CMOS chip together with PLL techniques to obtain low-noise frequency synthesizers for telecom applications. Special attention is paid to fractional N synthesizers using sigma-delta algorithms. Analog Circuit Design is an essential reference source for analog design engineers and researchers wishing to keep abreast with the latest developments in the field. The tutorial nature of the contributions also makes it suitable for use in an advanced design course.

Sigma delta modulation has become a very useful and widely applied technique for high performance Analog-to-Digital (A/D) conversion of narrow band signals. Through the use of oversampling and negative feedback, the quantization errors of a coarse quantizer are suppressed in a narrow signal band in the output of the modulator. Bandpass sigma delta modulation is well suited for A/D conversion of narrow band signals modulated on a carrier, as occurs in communication systems such as AM/FM receivers and mobile phones. Due to the nonlinearity of the quantizer in the feedback loop, a sigma delta modulator may exhibit input signal dependent stability properties. The same combination of the nonlinearity and the feedback loop complicates the stability analysis. In Bandpass Sigma Delta Modulators, the describing function method is used to analyze the stability of the sigma delta modulator. The linear gain model commonly used for the quantizer fails to predict small signal stability properties and idle patterns accurately. In Bandpass Sigma Delta Modulators an improved model for the quantizer is introduced, extending the linear gain model with a phase shift. Analysis shows that the phase shift of a sampled quantizer is in fact a phase uncertainty. Stability analysis of sigma delta modulators using the extended model allows accurate prediction of idle patterns and calculation of small-signal stability boundaries for loop filter parameters. A simplified rule of thumb is derived and applied to bandpass sigma delta modulators. The stability properties have a considerable impact on the design of single-loop, one-bit, high-order continuous-time bandpass sigma delta modulators. The continuous-time bandpass loop filter structure should have sufficient degrees of freedom to implement the desired (small-signal stable) sigma delta modulator behavior. Bandpass Sigma Delta Modulators will be of interest to practicing engineers and researchers in the areas of mixed-signal and analog integrated circuit design.

This new book on Analog Circuit Design contains the revised contributions of all the tutorial speakers of the eight workshop AACD (Advances in Analog Circuit Design), which was held at Nice, France on March 23-25, 1999. The workshop was organized by Yves Leduc of TI Nice, France. The program committee consisted of Willy Sansen, K.U.Leuven, Belgium, Han Huijsing, T.U.Delft, The Netherlands and Rudy van de Plassche, T.U.Eindhoven, The Netherlands. The aim of these AACD workshops is to bring together a restricted group of about 100 people who are personally advancing the frontiers of analog circuit design to brainstorm on new possibilities and future developments in a restricted number of fields. They are concentrated around three topics. In each topic six speakers give a tutorial presentation. Eighteen papers are thus included in this book. The topics of 1999 are: (X)DSL and other communication systems RF MOST models Integrated filters and oscillators The other topics, which have been coverd before, are: 1992 Operational amplifiers A-D Converters Analog CAD 1993 Mixed-mode A+D design Sensor interfaces Communication circuits 1994 Low-power low-voltage design Integrated filters Smart power 1995 Low-noise low-power low-voltge design Mixed-mode design with CAD tools Voltage, current and time references vii viii 1996 RF CMOS circuit design Bandpass sigma-delta and other data converters Translinear circuits 1997 RF A-D Converters Sensor and actuator interfaces Low-noise oscillators, PLL's and synthesizers 1998 I-Volt electronics Design and implementation of mixed-mode systems Low-noise amplifiers and RF power amplifiers for telecommunications

This volume of Analog Circuit Design concentrates on three topics: Volt Electronics; Design and Implementation of Mixed-Mode Systems; Low-Noise and RF Power Amplifiers for Telecommunication. The book comprises six papers on each topic written by internationally recognised experts. These papers are tutorial in nature and together make a substantial contribution to improving the design of analog circuits. The book is divided into three parts: Part I, Volt Electronics, presents some of the circuit design challenges which are having to be met as the need for more electronics on a chip forces smaller transistor dimensions, and thus lower breakdown voltages. The papers cover techniques for 1-Volt electronics. Part II, Design and Implementation of Mixed-Mode Systems, deals with the various problems that are encountered in mixed analog-digital design. In the future, all integrated circuits are bound to contain both digital and analog sub-blocks. Problems such as substrate bounce and other substrate coupling effects cause deterioration in signal integrity. Both aspects of mixed-signal design have been addressed in this section and it illustrates that careful layout techniques embedded in a hierarchical design methodology can allow us to cope with most of the challenges presented by mixed analog-digital design. Part III, Low-noise and RF Power Amplifiers for Telecommunication, focuses on telecommunications systems. In these systems low-noise amplifiers are front-ends of receiver designs. At the transmitter part a high-performance, high-efficiency power amplifier is a critical design. Examples of both system parts are described in this section. Analog Circuit Design is an essential referencesource for analog design engineers and researchers wishing to keep abreast with the latest developments in the field. The tutorial nature of the contributions also makes it suitable for use in an advanced course.

This volume of Analog Circuit Design concentrates on three topics: RF Analog-to-Digital Converters; Sensor and Actuator Interfaces; Low-Noise Oscillators, PLLs and Synthesizers. The book comprises six papers on each topic written by internationally recognised experts. These papers are tutorial in nature and together make a substantial contribution to improving the design of analog circuits. The book is divided into three parts: Part I, RF Analog-to-Digital Converters, the application of digital techniques to process analog modulated rf signals in radio receivers requires high linearity and high-resolution analog-to-digital converters. In portable applications these converters must have an extremely low-power consumption to allow a long standby time. In low-cost signal processing applications these converters are combined with a digital signal processing system onto a single chip. Today digital signal processing systems use advanced CMOS technologies requiring the analog-to-digital converter to be implemented in the same (digital) technology. Such an implementation requires special circuit techniques. Furthermore the susceptibility of converters to ground bounce or digital noise is an important design criterion. In this part different converters and conversion techniques are described that are optimized for receiver applications. Part II, Sensor and Actuator Interfaces, interfaces for sensors and actuators shape the gates through which information is acquired from the real world into digital information systems, and vice versa. The interfaces should include analog signal conditioning, analog-to-digital conversion, digital bus interfaces and data-acquisition networks. To simplify the useof data-acquisition systems additional features should be incorporated, like self-test, and calibration. To make these goals economically feasible, these functions should be integrated, preferably with the sensor, on a single chip. This part describes the latest techniques in sensor and actuator interface design. Part III, Low-Noise Oscillators, PLLs and Synthesizers, the phase noise of the receiver's local oscillator limits the immunity against interfering signals. Therefore it has become the most important specification of the local oscillators of all integrated transceivers. Frequency synthesizers for digital tuning in portable radios require extremely low phase noise for the same reason. This part describes designs and architectures which give rise to very low phase noise. Analog Circuit Design is an essential reference source for analog design engineers and researchers wishing to keep abreast with the latest developments in the field. The tutorial nature of the contributions also makes it suitable for use in an advanced course.

This volume of Analog Circuit Design concentrates on three topics: MOST RF Circuits; Bandpass Delta-Sigma Converters; Translinear Circuits. The book comprises six papers on each topic written by internationally recognised experts. These papers are tutorial in nature and together make a substantial contribution to improving the design of analog circuits. The book is divided into three parts: Part I, MOST RF Circuits, demonstrates the viability of using CMOS for high-frequency communication applications. This renaissance in radio-frequency design is largely driven by the explosion of interest in telecommunications and several of the papers are specifically targeted to wireless communication applications. Part II, Bandpass Delta-Sigma Converters, describes the latest developments in analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters. These converters find applications in telecommunications, hearing aids and audio systems, particularly when they consume low-power and have high performance. This part concludes by looking at the CAD tools required for the design of such converters. Part III, Translinear Circuits, have become important devices in building analog linear functions with variable parameters. This part of the book presents the latest research and techniques for designing Translinear Circuits using both bipolar and CMOS technologies. Analog Circuit Design is an essential reference source for analog design engineers and researchers wishing to keep abreast with the latest developments in the field. The tutorial nature of the contributions also makes it suitable for use in an advanced course.

Johan H. Huijsing This book contains 18 tutorial papers concentrated on 3 topics, each topic being covered by 6 papers. The topics are: Low-Noise, Low-Power, Low-Voltage Mixed-Mode Design with CAD Tools Voltage, Current, and Time References The papers of this book were written by top experts in the field, currently working at leading European and American universities and companies. These papers are the reviewed versions of the papers presented at the Workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design. which was held in Villach, Austria, 26-28 April 1995. The chairman of the Workshop was Dr. Franz Dielacher from Siemens, Austria. The program committee existed of Johan H. Huijsing from the Delft University of Technology, Prof.Willy Sansen from the Catholic University of Leuven, and Dr. Rudy 1. van der Plassche from Philips Eindhoven. This book is the fourth of aseries dedicated to the design of analog circuits. The topics which were covered earlier were: Operational Amplifiers Analog to Digital Converters Analog Computer Aided Design Mixed AlD Circuit Design Sensor Interface Circuits Communication Circuits Low-Power, Low-Voltage Integrated Filters Smart Power As the Workshop will be continued year by year, a valuable series of topics will be built up from all the important areas of analog circuit design. I hope that this book will help designers of analog circuits to improve their work and to speed it up.

This volume of Analog Circuit Design concentrates on three topics: Low-Power Low-Voltage Design; Integrated Filters, and Smart Power. The book comprises six papers on each topic written by internationally recognised experts. These papers have a tutorial nature aimed at improving the design of analog circuits. The book is divided into three parts: Part I, Low-Power Low-Voltage Design, describes the latest techniques for producing analog circuits with low-voltage low-power requirements. These circuits have an important role to play in the increasing trend towards portable products, where battery life is an important design factor. The papers cover design techniques for amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters, micro-power analog filters and medical devices. Part II, Integrated Filters, presents papers which detail nearly all known techniques to construct integrated filters. These filters all use resistors and capacitors to obtain the filtering function due to the low quality of inductors in silicon. Integration of the filtering function on chips is important to reduce system cost and provide greater accuracy. Part III, Smart Power, illustrates up-to-date techniques for implementing thermal detectors and protection networks to improve reliability and the lifetime of many analog devices. These devices are more specifically those with different analog blocks operating at different temperatures. Smart Power is thus never limited to circuit design only, but must also include packaging and cooling considerations; it is system design. Analog Circuit Design is an essential reference source for analog design engineers wishing to keep abreast with the latest developments in the field. The tutorialnature of the contributions also makes the book suitable for use in an advanced course.

This volume concentrates on three topics: mixed analog--digital circuit design, sensor interface circuits and communication circuits. The book comprises six papers on each topic of a tutorial nature aimed at improving the design of analog circuits. The book is divided into three parts. Part I: Mixed Analog--Digital Circuit Design considers the largest growth area in microelectronics. Both standard designs and ASICs have begun integrating analog cells and digital sections on the same chip. The papers cover topics such as groundbounce and supply-line spikes, design methodologies for high-level design and actual mixed analog--digital designs. Part II: Sensor Interface Circuits describes various types of signal conditioning circuits and interfaces for sensors. These include interface solutions for capacitive sensors, sigma--delta modulation used to combine a microprocessor compatible interface with on chip CMOS sensors, injectable sensors and responders, signal conditioning circuits and sensors combined with indirect converters. Part III: Communication Circuits concentrates on systems and implemented circuits for use in personal communication systems. These have applications in cordless telephones and mobile telephone systems for use in cellular networks. A major requirement for these systems is low power consumption, especially when operating in standby mode, so as to maximise the time between battery recharges.

Analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) converters provide the link between the analog world of transducers and the digital world of signal processing, computing, digital data collection, data storage on magnetic material or optical disks and data processing systems. Practical converters must use standard digital CMOS technology without requiring special processing options or processing steps. Scaling of digital technology into the submicron range results in a reduction of the supply voltage into the 1 V range and below. Designs in this field require special circuit techniques to solve this problem. Examples and practical designs will be discussed in this book.

CMOS Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters describes in depth converter specifications like Effective Number of Bits (ENOB), Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR), Integral Non-Linearity (INL), Differential Non-Linearity (DNL) and sampling clock jitter requirements. Relations between these specifications and practical issues like matching of components and offset parameters of differential pairs are derived.

CMOS Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters describes the requirements of input and signal reconstruction filtering in case a converter is applied into a signal processing system.

CMOS Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters describes design details of high-speed A/D and D/A converters, high-resolution A/D and D/A converters, sample-and-hold amplifiers, voltage and current references, noise-shaping converters and sigma-delta converters, technology parameters and matching performance, comparators and limitations of comparators and finally testing of converters.

CMOS Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters is the second edition of the most comprehensive book available on this subject. It contains an extensive bibliography and an index to all subjects.

CMOS Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters describes in an innovative manner the small signal stability of noise-shaping 1-bit and multi-bit coders and sigma-delta converters.

CMOS Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters is an ideal book for use in advanced courses and is an essential reference for researchers and practicing system and circuit designers in this field.

Analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) converters provide the link between the analog world of transducers and the digital world of signal processing, computing and other digital data collection or data processing systems. Several types of converters have been designed, each using the best available technology at a given time for a given application. For example, high-performance bipolar and MOS technologies have resulted in the design of high-resolution or high-speed converters with applications in digital audio and video systems. In addition, high-speed bipolar technologies enable conversion speeds to reach the gigaHertz range and thus have applications in HDTV and digital oscilloscopes. Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters describes in depth the theory behind and the practical design of these circuits. It describes the different techniques to improve the accuracy in high-resolution A/D and D/A converters and also special techniques to reduce the number of elements in high-speed A/D converters by repetitive use of comparators. Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters is the most comprehensive book available on the subject. Starting from the basic elements of theory necessary for a complete understanding of the design of A/D and D/A converters, this book describes the design of high-speed A/D converters, high-accuracy D/A and A/D converters, sample-and-hold amplifiers, voltage and current reference sources, noise-shaping coding and sigma-delta converters. Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters contains a comprehensive bibliography and index and also includes a complete set of problems. This book is ideal for use in an advanced course on the subject and is an essential reference for researchers and practicing engineers.