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This book gives a comprehensive overview of the rapidly evolving
field of three-dimensional (3D) printing, and its increasing
applications in the biomedical domain. 3D printing has distinct
advantages like improved quality, cost-effectiveness, and higher
efficiency compared to traditional manufacturing processes. Besides
these advantages, current challenges and opportunities regarding
choice of material, design, and efficiency are addressed in the
book. Individual chapters also focus on select areas of
applications such as surgical guides, tissue regeneration,
artificial scaffolds and implants, and drug delivery and release.
This book will be a valuable source of information for researchers
and professionals interested in the expanding biomedical
applications of 3D printing.
There has been a great deal of progress in additive manufacturing
(AM) during the past two decades and recent developments have been
highlighted by many researchers. However, until now, there has been
a limit to what is available for beginners in a step-by-step
format, showcasing the different commercial AM technologies for
field application. This book helps fill that gap. Additive
Manufacturing: Applications and Innovations presents case studies
of commonly used AM technologies with basic numerical problems for
better understanding. It also includes hybrid processes and 4D
printing applications, which currently are not offered in other AM
books. Features Offers solved and unsolved problems in additive
manufacturing Provides an understanding for additive manufacturing
per international standards Includes case studies for better
understanding of the individual processes Presents a review of
specific technology highlights Introduces future research
directions, mainly in 4D printing applications
This book discusses the 3D printing of sensors, actuators, and
antennas and illustrates how manufacturers can create smart
materials that can be effectively used to prepare low-cost
products. The book also includes how to select the appropriate
process for your manufacturing needs. 3D Printing of Sensors,
Actuators, and Antennas for Low-Cost Product Manufacturing offers
the most recent developments in 3D printing of sensors, actuators,
and antennas for low-cost product manufacturing; the book
highlights some of the commercially available low-cost 3D printing
processes that have higher efficiency and accuracy. Fundamental
principles and working methodologies are presented with a critical
review of the past work involved and current trends with future
predictions. It covers composite and polymeric materials widely
used and specifically focuses on low-cost elements. Recent
breakthroughs and advantages in product manufacturing when printing
smart materials are also discussed. Manufacturing engineers,
product designers, manufacturing industries, as well as graduate
students, and research scholars will find this book very useful for
their work and studies.
An interfaith guide to planned giving. Planned gifts are typically
the largest gifts received by a charity and can transform religious
organizations and congregations to become more sustainable,
impactful, and vibrant entities for decades to come. Encouraging
planned gifts to congregations and religious organizations is
essential at this time of tremendous generational wealth transfer;
these gifts also provide an opportunity to enhance relationships
between supporters and organizations. Many congregations and
religious entities fear that they cannot raise these
transformational gifts due to a lack of expertise among staff or
volunteers, the limited financial resources of their constituents,
or the simple discomfort of addressing ultimate issues with donors.
Faithful Giving can help change those dynamics. The book is
intentionally inclusive of Christian and other faith traditions by
offering several case studies from a variety of Christian
denominations and other religions, including Roman Catholic,
Episcopal, Presbyterian, Lutheran, Baptist, Jewish, Muslim, Hindu,
Sikh, and others.
Current Trends in Biomanufacturing focuses on cutting-edge research
regarding the design, fabrication, assembly, and measurement of
bio-elements into structures, devices, and systems. The field of
biomaterial and biomanufacturing is growing exponentially in order
to meet the increasing demands of for artificial joints, organs and
bone-fixation devices. Rapid advances in the biological sciences
and engineering are leading to newer and viable resources, methods
and techniques that may providing better quality of life and more
affordable health care services. The book covers the broad aspects
of biomanufacturing, including: synthesis of biomaterials; implant
coating techniques; spark plasma sintering; microwave processing;
and cladding, powder metallurgy and electrospinning. The
contributors illustrate the recent trends of biomanufacturing,
highlighting the important aspects of biomaterial synthesis, and
their use as feedstock of fabrication technologies and their
characterization, along with their clinical practices. Current
Trends in Biomanufacturing updates researchers and scientists the
novelties and techniques of the field, as it summarises numerous
aspects of biomanufacturing, including synthesis of biomaterials,
fabrication of biomedical structures, their in-vivo/ in-vitro,
mechanical analysis and associated ISO standards.
There has been a great deal of progress in additive manufacturing
(AM) during the past two decades and recent developments have been
highlighted by many researchers. However, until now, there has been
a limit to what is available for beginners in a step-by-step
format, showcasing the different commercial AM technologies for
field application. This book helps fill that gap. Additive
Manufacturing: Applications and Innovations presents case studies
of commonly used AM technologies with basic numerical problems for
better understanding. It also includes hybrid processes and 4D
printing applications, which currently are not offered in other AM
books. Features Offers solved and unsolved problems in additive
manufacturing Provides an understanding for additive manufacturing
per international standards Includes case studies for better
understanding of the individual processes Presents a review of
specific technology highlights Introduces future research
directions, mainly in 4D printing applications
This new book covers process optimization and process capability
for hybrid NCMP (nonconventional machining process), and combines
NCMP and conventional machining removal processes for various
hybridized processes. This book is focused on understanding the
basic mechanism of some of the NCMPs for their possible
hybridization. This book can be used for the development of a basic
framework on hybridization for the selected NCMP. The framework is
further strengthened by case studies included in this book. The
concept of macro-modeling for NCMP and the framework for the
development of industrial standards have been outlined. This book
is of interest to researchers and graduate students working in the
field of hybrid NCMP, especially for the development of novel
processes. Field engineers of NCMP may also use it for further
process development. Features: Provides a detailed description of
mechanism for different NCMPs for possible hybridization. Includes
a case study on mechanism of processes. Offers a systematic
approach for understanding NCMP. Covers the issues of process
optimization and process capability for hybrid NCMP.
Presents exclusive material on integration of 4D imaging and 4D
printing Demonstrates the industrial applications of 4D imaging in
4D printing using multiple case studies Discusses use of open
source 4D imaging tools for biomedical applications Includes
in-house development of smart materials for 4D printing Reviews low
cost, indigenous lab scale solutions for various veterinary
applications
An epic life story of a young mother whose journey begins happily
married in a comfortable home, to being stranded in a refugee camp
having lost her country, her ancestral home and her husband, the
love of her life, due to the breakup of India in the 1940s.In 1947
a new country, Pakistan, was created by partitioning India to
divide people on the basis of their religion. As a result, a young
mother with eight children and millions of others like her became
personae non gratae in their own country simply because of their
religious beliefs. Over a million innocent people were killed in
the sectarian violence that followed. Mother of Broken India
follows the journey of a young family fleeing across India in one
of the biggest mass migrations in modern history, and the
heart-rending struggle of a young mother to provide for her young
family through poverty and political turmoil.From the chaotic
conditions of the family's escape from Pakistan to the challenges
of settling in their new home, this book chronicles Harbans Kaur's
courage, resilience and selflessness. Despite the terrible loss of
her husband, she overcame her personal strife and sought to help
those in need. After moving to England later in her life, she
continued her community work whilst her children, in whom she had
instilled her values, reached successes in their chosen fields
around the world.This is a story of tragedy and hardship, but it is
also a story of how these can be overcome with grace, kindness and
perseverance. It pays tribute to the leaders of India who opted for
a secular and democratic India where everyone is equal under the
constitution regardless of their race, religion or gender. As a
result, India has become a positive force in the world and her
people are respected throughout the world for their values - the
same values that Harbans Kaur held tightly onto and instilled in
others throughout her journey.This book is a companion volume of
Don't Break Up India, the story of the martyrdom of Harbans Kaur's
husband, Shaheed Sardar Nanak Singh, during the partition of India
in 1947.
Focuses on Design of Experiment based computational models which
involves finite element analysis along with ergonomic based design
of tooling (for both conventional and unconventional manufacturing
processes) Directed towards smart manufacturing, this book outlines
4D solutions for 3D printed parts actuated through stimulus such as
heat, light, chemical processing Acts as a first-hand source of
information for academic scholars and commercial manufacturers
while assisting in making strategic manufacturing development plans
Discusses work and development in the field of product
manufacturing of any mechanical system. Provides case studies and
solved numerical solutions at the end of each chapter for easy
reader comprehension
This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of
breakthroughs on additive manufacturing for plastic material
recycling to boost a circular economy. It offers new ideas of
combining/hybridizing processing methods that work as a source of
information for manufacturers in making new and strategic product
development plans. Additive Manufacturing for Plastic Recycling:
Efforts in Boosting a Circular Economy provides a critical,
comprehensive, methodological, and strong state-of-the-art work on
the processing of thermoplastic and thermosetting along with new
directions and applications. It describes the common and hybrid
approaches of recycling processes and includes theoretical and
practical ideas of combining/hybridizing processing methods with
the use of fused deposition modelling, which is one of the low-cost
additive manufacturing techniques. The book also discusses
mechanical twin-screw extrusion followed by case studies for
developing hybrid composite structures for biomedical and
structural applications. Recent innovations in melt processing for
recycling and the fundaments, process parameters investigations,
and applications for new product development are also presented.
This book is a first-hand reference source of information for
academic scholars and commercial manufacturers for making strategic
development plans for new product development.
This book gives a comprehensive overview of the rapidly evolving
field of three-dimensional (3D) printing, and its increasing
applications in the biomedical domain. 3D printing has distinct
advantages like improved quality, cost-effectiveness, and higher
efficiency compared to traditional manufacturing processes. Besides
these advantages, current challenges and opportunities regarding
choice of material, design, and efficiency are addressed in the
book. Individual chapters also focus on select areas of
applications such as surgical guides, tissue regeneration,
artificial scaffolds and implants, and drug delivery and release.
This book will be a valuable source of information for researchers
and professionals interested in the expanding biomedical
applications of 3D printing.
4D Printing: Fundamentals and Applications explores both autonomic
and non-autonomic systems with different stimulus such as
temperature, current, moisture, light and sound. In addition, the
fifth dimensional aspect using more than one stimulus is outlined
for additive manufacturing processes. The book presents both an
introduction to the basic understanding of hybrid processes and
explores the physics behind the process (in the form of derivation
and numerical problems). For the field engineer, applicable codes
and standards for each hybrid process are provided. Lastly, case
studies are included in each section to provide the reader with a
model to explore future research directions.
The purpose of the present study is to compare investment castings
prepared with conventional wax based patterns and Acrylonitrile
Butadiene Styrene (ABS) based patterns for bio-medical implant (hip
joint). Starting from the identification of component, patterns
with three different types of pattern materials (namely: wax, ABS
and ABS+wax) were prepared under different experimental conditions.
Dimensional measurements were made on the final castings prepared.
The results of study highlights that casting with ABS based pattern
gives better dimensional accuracy (under given experimental
conditions) and component hardness was also acceptable as per
application requirement.Final components prepared are acceptable as
per ISO standard UNI EN 20286-I (1995). Castings prepared at
proposed parametric settings have been studied for functional
validation of the parts. Also the study suggested that at proposed
parametric settings the process was found to be under statistical
control.
Aluminium (Al) based metal matrix composites (MMC) have many
potential engineering applications. There has been a critical need
for casting of cost-effective MMC. Not much work hitherto been
reported for casting of Al based MMC with vacuum moulding. An
approach to macro-model the micro hardness and dimensional accuracy
for casting of MMC of Al and its alloys have been proposed and
applied. Relationship between micro hardness, dimensional accuracy
and other parameter has been deduced by using Taguchi's technique
L9 orthogonal array (OA). Results indicate that the hardness of MMC
developed depends significantly on the component volume, pouring
temperature and composition. The comparison with experimental
results will also serve as future validation of the model.
In the present work new replication techniques for a biomedical
component having a real 3D shape has been introduced. A dynamic
condylar screw (DCS) plate was selected as one of a real 3D
biomedical implant for this study. The DCS plate, made of ABS
material, was fabricated as a master pattern by fused deposition
modelling (FDM) method. After preparation of master pattern mould
was fabricated with vacuum moulding process. Finally metal matrix
composite (MMC) of Al and Al2O3 has been prepared in vacuum mould
for fabrication of DCS plate. This study highlights the replication
procedure of DCS plate in detail from the master pattern to a final
product with some investigation on mechanical and metallurgical
properties.
Malnutrition is one of the earliest complications of HIV infection.
This cross-sectional study (involving 100 newly diagnosed HIV
positive patients) was carried out to evaluate the relationship
between the nutritional status and immune status of HIV positive
patients, and to look into the various factors contributing to
malnutrition in these patients. In the study sample, 46% of the
patients were malnourished according to body mass index, 85% were
malnourished according to triceps skin-fold thickness and 98% were
malnourished according to mid arm muscle circumference.
Tuberculosis, chronic diarrhea, candidiasis and depression were
associated with malnutrition. Nutritional, anthropometric and
laboratory parameters were found to have significant correlation
with the immune status. Hence, nutritional assessment of
HIV-infected persons can identify those at risk for adverse
outcomes from nutritional deficiencies and help in planning
appropriate interventions.
This research work aimed to investigate the effect of shape factor,
slurry layers and pouring temperature in precision investment
casting. Three controllable factors of the precision investment
casting process (namely: shape factor, slurry layers (mould
thickness) and pouring temperature) were studied at three levels
each by Taguchi's parametric approach and single-response
optimization was conducted to identify the main factors controlling
surface hardness, dimensional accuracy ( d) and surface roughness
(Ra). Castings were produced using aluminium, mild steel and
stainless steel at recommended parameters through ceramic shell
investment casting process. The micro structure analysis has been
used to study the surface morphology. Cooling curve analysis was
done to analyse the surface hardness data."
The purpose of the present study is to experimentally investigate
and optimize the mould fabrication process, based on vacuum casting
for plastic component. Starting from the identification of
component, prototype with three different types of material were
prepared under three different conditions of temperature, time and
mixing ratio. Measurements on the coordinate measuring machine
helped in calculating the dimensional tolerances of the plastic
components produced. Further relation between hardness, dimensional
accuracy and surface roughness in vacuum casting and other
controllable parameter has been deduced by Taguchi technique L9
orthogonal array (OA). The study highlighted the optimized input
parameter settings in-terms of dimensional accuracy, surface
roughness, micro-hardness for plastic components. Final component
produced are acceptable as per IS standard UNI EN 20286-I (1995)
and DIN 16901 standards for plastics.
The present research work is aimed at the development of spherical
disc of ball valve as a cast study for investment casting
applications. Three controllable factors of the investment casting
process (namely: volume/surface-area (V/A) ratio of components,
slurry layer's combination and type of metal) were studied at three
levels each by Taguchi's parametric approach and single-response
optimization was conducted to identify the main factors controlling
surface hardness, dimensional accuracy and surface finish. Castings
were produced using Aluminium, Mild steel and Stainless steel at
recommended parameters through ceramic shell investment casting
process. The micro structure analysis has been used to study the
surface morphology. Cooling curve analysis was done to analyse the
surface hardness data.
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