This book provides new insights into combining economic theory and ethics, and how to formulate policies to combat the roots of poverty. Since a large part of the world's working population is underpaid, and does not have enough income to feed themselves and their families, there is a need for an alternative approach to producer prices than the usual neo-classical approach with its emphasis on market and equilibrium prices. This book is an introduction to the Living Income / Fair Price approach, a price theory based on ethics and Universal Human Rights. The book explains why there is a need for a paradigm change in our thinking about prices by explaining why the usual market prices rarely are equilibrium prices. Besides market disturbing elements like monopolies and oligopolies, the needs of the poorest parts of the population are not taken into consideration because they are not reflected in the effective demand. This means that the way our producers are paid needs a drastic overhaul, especially in a critical area like food production. An important part of the book is devoted to the need to pay, and the possibilities for paying, a decent price to smallholder farmers. The underpayment of small food producers means they have no possibility to invest and are not able to prepare for the future. This is even more pressing now that climate change demands that every farmer must adjust to changing circumstances and adapt new production methods. Although primarily meant for economists, the book meant also to stimulate discussion amongst those involved in agricultural policies, both in developing and developed countries.

Coffee cultivation faces a number of crucial challenges, including increasing biotic and abiotic stresses related to climate change, concern about its environmental impact and the vulnerability of many smallholder coffee farmers. Climate-smart production of coffee: Improving social and environmental sustainability addresses the need for more resilient and sustainable methods of cultivation which produce high-quality products with minimum environmental impact while still protecting smallholder livelihoods. The book considers ways of assessing and improving social sustainability, including the role of speciality coffees in improving smallholder incomes, as well as ways coffee production can be optimised throughout the value chain, from breeding through to postharvest. Coffee is extremely susceptible to a range of pests and diseases such as soil-borne and other insect pests, nematodes and diseases such as coffee leaf rust. This new book reviews recent advances in sustainable crop protection methods on coffee farms and plantations around the world, with a particular focus on integrated pest and disease management programmes. With contributions from a wide range of internationally-renowned experts, the book shows how coffee production can be made more economically, environmentally and socially sustainable in the face of climate change.