A WAYFARER IN THE DOLOMITES THE DREI ZINNKN TO EDITION THE following, pages do not purport to be a guide-book to the Dolomites, but rather the record of a tour taken in those regions by the writer and an artist friend some years ago, together with some chapters on Climbing in the Dolomites, and notes on the Flora and Geology of the district. In order to bring such a work completely up to date, it would necessitate practically rewriting it, and it has been felt that the better plan to adopt would be to leave the account of the tour unchanged, adding in this preface a few notes on the changes brought about by the war. It should, however, be mentioned that the climbing chapters have been thoroughly revised and brought up to date as far as possible. In 1910, when the first edition was pub lished, the Dolomite region was divided between Austria and Italy by an irregular frontier line running generally in a south vi A WAYFARER IN THE DOLOMITES westerly direction from a point near Sexten in the north to a point near Primiero in the south. West of this line was Austria, east was Italy, and it is this old frontier that is meant when reference is made in this book to passing from Austria to Italy or vice versa. War was declared against Austria-Hungary by Italy on 23 May, 1915, and by the Treaty of St. Germain on the 10 September, 1919, South Tyrol, as far north as the Brenner Pass, was assigned to Italy, thus bringing the whole of the Dolo mites into the latter country, with the exception of the small group near Lienz. One of the results of this transfer of terri tory is that Italian is now everywhere the official language, and that official Italian place-names have been substituted for some ofthe old German place-names this is particularly noticeable in the names of railway stations. Among them arc the following, which are referred to in this and other pre-war travel books under their German names German Name Is now Auer ., . . . . Ora Val di Fiemme Blumau ., . . Prato all 1 Isarco Bozen, ., . . Bolzano PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION vii German Name Bruneck Drei Zinnen Franzensfeste Grasleiten Pass Grodnertal Hohlenstein Innichen Kastelruth Klausen Lorenzen Niederdorf Schluderbach station . . Toblach Waidbruck Welschnofen . . 2s now Brunico Tre Cime di Lavaredo Fortezza Passo Principe Val Gardena Landro S. Cdndido Castelrotto Chiusa S. Lorenzo in Pusteria Villabassa Carbonin-Misurina Dobbiaco Ponte all Isarco Nova Levante Part of the region of the Dolomites was one of the theatres of the war. The Italian troops invaded Austria and won Cortina and Primiero in 1916, but lost them in 1917. The war has added much to the history of Cortina, Primiero and Caprile which is briefly given in Chapter XIII. Severe fighting took place round Sexten and the Drei Zinnen, the Monte Pian, the Col di Lana, Tofana and the Marmolata. On and about the summits of Monte Cris tallino and Tofana Italian artillery batteries were stationed. Some villages were par tially destroyed, but have since been rebuilt viii A WAYFARER IN THE DOLOMITES among them Toblach, Landro, Sexten, Andraz, Pieve di Livinallongo, Caprile and San Martino di Castrozza. Remains of fortifications, entrenchments and wire en tanglements are still to be seen in many places. The Club Huts erected in South Tyrol by the German and Austrian sections of the D. O. A. V. Deutsche und Oester reichische Alpen Verein were taken over by theItalian Government after the war, Many had been partially or wholly destroyed in the fighting, several had been pillaged and rendered unserviceable, and the rest have been taken over and are maintained by the Club Alpino Italiano C. A. I., which has also built new huts to replace some of those destroyed. In the text the destroyed huts and the new ones have been noted as far as possible, and their new Italian names given. Outside the Dolomite region the huts about the new frontier are mainly occupied by Italian - officials, the Finanzieri...