These conference proceedings provide a comprehensive overview of and in-depth technical information on all possible bioenergy resources (solid, liquid, and gaseous), including cutting-edge themes such as advanced fuels and biogas. The book includes current state-of-the-art topics ranging from feedstocks and cost-effective conversion processes to biofuels economic analysis and environmental policy, and features case studies and quizzes for each section derived from the implementation of actual hands-on biofuel projects to aid learning. It offers readers a starting point on this challenging and exciting path. The central concepts are defined and explained in the context of process applications under various topics. By focussing on the pertinent fundamental principles in the environment and energy sciences and by repeatedly emphasizing the importance of their correlation, it offers a strong foundation for future study and practice. Learning about fundamental properties and mechanisms on an ongoing basis is absolutely essential for long-term professional viability in a technically vibrant area such as nanotechnology. The book has been written for undergraduate and graduate students in chemical, energy and environment engineering. However, selected sections can provide the basis for courses in civil, mechanical or electrical engineering. It includes a self-contained presentation of the key concepts of energy resources, solar thermal and photovoltaic systems, nuclear energy, biomass conversion technology and agricultural-waste processing. Throughout it interweaves descriptive material on sustainable development, clean coal technology, green technology, solid-waste management and lifecycle assessments. It offers an introduction to these topics rather than comprehensive coverage of the themes and their in-depth fundamentals.

While chemical products are useful in their own right-they address the demands and needs of the masses-they also drain our natural resources and generate unwanted pollution. Green Chemical Engineering: An Introduction to Catalysis, Kinetics, and Chemical Processes encourages minimized use of non-renewable natural resources and fosters maximized pollution prevention. This text stresses the importance of developing processes that are environmentally friendly and incorporate the role of green chemistry and reaction engineering in designing these processes. Focused on practical application rather than theory, the book integrates chemical reaction engineering and green chemical engineering, and is divided into two sections. The first half of the book covers the basic principles of chemical reaction engineering and reactor design, while the second half of the book explores topics on green reactors, green catalysis, and green processes. The authors mix in elaborate illustrations along with important developments, practical applications, and recent case studies. They also include numerous exercises, examples, and problems covering the various concepts of reaction engineering addressed in this book, and provide MATLAB (R) software used for developing computer codes and solving a number of reaction engineering problems. Consisting of six chapters organized into two sections, this text: Covers the basic principles of chemical kinetics and catalysis Gives a brief introduction to classification and the various types of chemical reactors Discusses in detail the differential and integral methods of analysis of rate equations for different types of reactions Presents the development of rate equations for solid catalyzed reactions and enzyme catalyzed biochemical reactions Explains methods for estimation of kinetic parameters from batch reactor data Details topics on homogeneous reactors Includes graphical procedures for the design of multiple reactors Contains topics on heterogeneous reactors including catalytic and non-catalytic reactors Reviews various models for non-catalytic gas-solid and gas-liquid reactions Introduces global rate equations and explicit design equations for a variety of non-catalytic reactors Gives an overview of novel green reactors and the application of CFD technique in the modeling of green reactors Offers detailed discussions of a number of novel reactors Provides a brief introduction to CFD and the application of CFD Highlights the development of a green catalytic process and the application of a green catalyst in the treatment of industrial effluent Comprehensive and thorough in its coverage, Green Chemical Engineering: An Introduction to Catalysis, Kinetics, and Chemical Processes explains the basic concepts of green engineering and reactor design fundamentals, and provides key knowledge for students at technical universities and professionals already working in the industry.

These conference proceedings provide a comprehensive overview of and in-depth technical information on all possible bioenergy resources (solid, liquid, and gaseous), including cutting-edge themes such as advanced fuels and biogas. The book includes current state-of-the-art topics ranging from feedstocks and cost-effective conversion processes to biofuels economic analysis and environmental policy, and features case studies and quizzes for each section derived from the implementation of actual hands-on biofuel projects to aid learning. It offers readers a starting point on this challenging and exciting path. The central concepts are defined and explained in the context of process applications under various topics. By focussing on the pertinent fundamental principles in the environment and energy sciences and by repeatedly emphasizing the importance of their correlation, it offers a strong foundation for future study and practice. Learning about fundamental properties and mechanisms on an ongoing basis is absolutely essential for long-term professional viability in a technically vibrant area such as nanotechnology. The book has been written for undergraduate and graduate students in chemical, energy and environment engineering. However, selected sections can provide the basis for courses in civil, mechanical or electrical engineering. It includes a self-contained presentation of the key concepts of energy resources, solar thermal and photovoltaic systems, nuclear energy, biomass conversion technology and agricultural-waste processing. Throughout it interweaves descriptive material on sustainable development, clean coal technology, green technology, solid-waste management and lifecycle assessments. It offers an introduction to these topics rather than comprehensive coverage of the themes and their in-depth fundamentals.

Thin film mechanical behavior and stress presents a technological challenge for materials scientists, physicists and engineers. This book provides a comprehensive coverage of the major issues and topics dealing with stress, defect formation, surface evolution and allied effects in thin film materials. Physical phenomena are examined from the continuum down to the sub-microscopic length scales, with the connections between the structure of the material and its behavior described. Theoretical concepts are underpinned by discussions on experimental methodology and observations. Fundamental scientific concepts are embedded through sample calculations, a broad range of case studies with practical applications, thorough referencing, and end of chapter problems. With solutions to problems available on-line, this book will be essential for graduate courses on thin films and the classic reference for researchers in the field.

This book provides comprehensive coverage of stress, defect formation and surface evolution in thin films. With its balanced coverage of theory, experiment and simulation and many homework problems, the text will be essential reading in senior undergraduate and graduate courses on thin films.

This revised and updated second edition of a highly successful book provides an authoritative, comprehensive and unified treatment of the mechanics and micromechanisms of fatigue in metals, nonmetals and composites. The author, a leading researcher in the field, discusses the principles of cyclic deformation, crack initiation and crack growth by fatigue, covering both microscopic and continuum aspects. The book begins with discussions of cyclic deformation and fatigue crack initiation in monocrystalline and polycrystalline ductile alloys as well as in brittle and semi-/non-crystalline solids. Total life and damage-tolerant approaches are then introduced in metals, nonmetals and composites. This will be an important reference for anyone studying fracture and fatigue in materials science and engineering, mechanical, civil, nuclear and aerospace engineering, and biomechanics.

Biofuel is an eco-friendly, alternative diesel fuel prepared from domestic renewable resources i.e. vegetable oils (edible or non-edible oil) and animal fats. India has about hundreds of species which could yield oilseeds that have enough potential for use in biodiesel production. Since India is deficient in edible oils, therefore, the non-edible oils could be the desirable source for production of bio-diesel. In such case, tree borne oilseeds (TBO's) are the permanent importance of achieving self-sufficiency in oil seed production and as well as the expansion of green cover could only be achieved by cultivating Tree Borne Oilseeds (TBOs) in marginal lands/wasteland particularly Pongamia pinnata.