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Geomicrobiology is a combination of geology and microbiology, and
includes the study of interaction of microorganisms with their
environment, such as in sedimentary rocks. This is a new and
rapidly-developing field that has led in the past decade to a
radically-revised view of the diversity and activity of microbial
life on Earth. Geomicrobiology examines the role that microbes have
played in the past and are currently playing in a number of
fundamental geological processes. The present book is of great
importance for researchers working in the field of microbiology,
biotechnology, geology and environmental biotechnology. It can be a
major reference book for students as well as researchers.
Geomicrobiology is a combination of geology and microbiology,
and includes the study of interaction of microorganisms with their
environment, such as in sedimentary rocks. This is a new and
rapidly-developing field that has led in the past decade to a
radically-revised view of the diversity and activity of microbial
life on Earth. Geomicrobiology examines the role that microbes have
played in the past and are currently playing in a number of
fundamental geological processes. The present book is of great
importance for researchers working in the field of microbiology,
biotechnology, geology and environmental biotechnology. It can be a
major reference book for students as well as researchers.
This book discusses the revolution of cycles and rhythms that is
expected to take place in different branches of science and
engineering in the 21st century, with a focus on communication and
information processing. It presents high-quality papers in
vibration sciences, rhythms and oscillations, neurosciences,
mathematical sciences, and communication. It includes major topics
in engineering and structural mechanics, computer sciences,
biophysics and biomathematics, as well as other related fields.
Offering valuable insights, it also inspires researchers to work in
these fields. The papers included in this book were presented at
the 1st International Conference on Engineering Vibration,
Communication and Information Processing (ICoEVCI-2018), India.
An increasing variety of biological problems involving resource
management, conservation and environmental quality have been dealt
with using the principles of population biology (defined to include
population dynamics, genetics and certain aspects of community
ecology). There appears to be a mixed record of successes and
failures and almost no critical synthesis or reviews that have
attempted to discuss the reasons and ways in which population
biology, with its remarkable theoretical as well as experimental
advances, could find more useful application in agriculture,
forestry, fishery, medicine and resource and environmental
management. This book provides examples of state-of-the-art
applications by a distinguished group of researchers in several
fields. The diversity of topics richly illustrates the scientific
and economic breadth of their discussions as well as
epistemological and comparative analyses by the authors and
editors. Several principles and common themes are emphasized and
both strengths and potential sources of uncertainty in applications
are discussed. This volume will hopefully stimulate new
interdisciplinary avenues of problem-solving research.
It follows naturally from the widely accepted Darwinian dictum that
failures of populations or of species to adapt and to evolve under
changing environments will result in their extinction. Population
geneti cists have proclaimed a centerstage role in developing
conservation biology theory and applications. However, we must
critically reexamine what we know and how we can make rational
contributions. We ask: Is genetic variation really important for
the persistence of species? Has any species become extinct because
it ran out of genetic variation or because of inbreeding
depression? Are demographic and environmental stochas ticity by far
more important for the fate of a population or species than genetic
stochasticity (genetic drift and inbreeding)? Is there more to
genetics than being a tool for assessing reproductive units and
migration rates? Does conventional wisdom on inbreeding and "magic
numbers" or rules of thumb on critical effective population sizes
(MVP estimators) reflect any useful guidelines in conservation
biology? What messages or guidelines from genetics can we reliably
provide to those that work with conservation in practice? Is
empirical work on numerous threatened habitats and taxa gathering
population genetic information that we can use to test these
guidelines? These and other questions were raised in the invitation
to a symposium on conservation genetics held in May 1993 in
pleasant surroundings at an old manor house in southern Jutland,
Denmark."
This volume is an outcomeof invited lecturesdelivered at the Ring
Theory Section of the 23rd Ohio State-DenisonConferencein May 1996.
It also contains articles by some invited mathematicianswho could
not attend the conference. These peer-refereedarticles showcasethe
latest developmentsand trends in classicalRing Theory, highlighting
the cro- fertilization of new techniquesand ideaswith the existing
ones. Providing a wide variety of methodologies,this volume should
be valuable both to graduatestudentsas well as to specialistsin
Ring Theory. We would like to thank our colleagueswho investeda lot
of their time to make the conferencea great success. In particular,
our thanks go to ProfessorsTom Dowling, Dan
Sanders,SurinderSehgal,Ron Solomonand Sergio R. L6pez-Permouthfor
their help. The financial support for the Conference,provided by
the Departmentof Mathematics,The Ohio State University, and
MathematicsResearchInstitute, Columbus, is gratefully acknowleged.
Many thanksgo to Dean Violet I. Meek for her commitment to the
promotion of researchby her continuousencouragement of such efforts
and for providing financial support from the Lima campusof The Ohio
StateUniversity. We havereceivedimmensecooperationfrom all the
refereeswho, meticulouslyand in a very short time, provided us with
their reports in spite of their busy schedules. We expressour
sincerethanks to all of them. Finally, we thank Ms. Cindy White for
her excellent job in typing parts of this volume. We are pleasedto
dedicatethis volume to ProfessorBruno J. Miiller on the occasionof
his retirementfor his many contributionsto the Theory of Rings and
Modules. As this volume was going to presswe have learned that
ProfessorCarl Faith is retiring this year.
Fascinated by the diversity of living organisms, humans have always
been curious about its origin. Darwin was the first to provide the
scholary and persuasive thesis for gradual evolution and speciation
under natural selection. Although we now have much information on
evolution, we still don't understand it in detail. Many questions
still remain open due to the complexity and multiplicity of
interacting factors. Several approaches mainly arising from
population ecology and genetics are presented in this book in order
to help understand genetic variation and evolution.
An increasing variety of biological problems involving resource
management, conservation and environmental quality have been dealt
with using the principles of population biology (defined to include
population dynamics, genetics and certain aspects of community
ecology). There appears to be a mixed record of successes and
failures and almost no critical synthesis or reviews that have
attempted to discuss the reasons and ways in which population
biology, with its remarkable theoretical as well as experimental
advances, could find more useful application in agriculture,
forestry, fishery, medicine and resource and environmental
management. This book provides examples of state-of-the-art
applications by a distinguished group of researchers in several
fields. The diversity of topics richly illustrates the scientific
and economic breadth of their discussions as well as
epistemological and comparative analyses by the authors and
editors. Several principles and common themes are emphasized and
both strengths and potential sources of uncertainty in applications
are discussed. This volume will hopefully stimulate new
interdisciplinary avenues of problem-solving research.
Rye first appeared rather late in the history of human
civilization. The oldest archaeological records of rye date from
the Hallstatt period in Silesia, Thuringia and Westfalia and from
the Lacene period. After the pioneering work of N. 1. V AVILOV on
the origin of cultivated plants three broad classes came in
recognition: wild, weedy and cultivated rye. As a crop, rye is most
winterhardy of all cereals so that in Northern Europe its
cultivation reaches beyond the Arctic circle in Finland. While
Soviet Russia contributes most to the total world production, in
Finland, Poland, Germany, Sweden, Netherlands and Belgium also its
rank is high among grain crops. It is striking to note that for the
past many years, research on practical agronomical and breeding
problems has been quite active in these countries and current ly
attempts to improve rye are being made on modern lines. Some of the
main problems in this field concern with the development of hybrid
varieties, improvement of autotetraploid fertility, use of best
pollina tion procedures to obtain highly self-fertile lines and the
transfer of rye characters to wheat as such or in the form of
amphiploid Triticales. In Russia, however, the Michurinist
agrobiologists are primarily engaged in the study of interspecific
conversions, branched ear types and nutritional methods of
improving varieties, and perhaps this is one reason of only little
having been known about rye genetics.
or fruit production as a consequence of the lack of optimum
pollination conditions (CLARK and FRYER, 1920; ARMSTRONG and WHITE,
1935; VALLEAU, 1918; KVAALE, 1927; and many others). In order to
mini mize the influence of poor pollen producers, systematic
planning of a field planting or an orchard might be necessary.
Above all, the im portant reason for its wide popularity is its
potential use in the com mercial production of hybrid seed. A
male-sterile plant is an effective female for a crossing program
and its employment renders the labori ous procedure of emasculation
superfluous. ]ONES and EMSWELLER (1937) and STEPHENS (1937) were
probably the first to outline a scheme of its application in onion
and sorghum respectively. However certain specific problems have
limited the practicability and hence some of them will be mentioned
in a later seetion (Section VIII). Lately several attempts have
been made to obtain some chemie al method for the artificial
induction of male sterility. However, for a successful approach to
the induction problem a thorough understan ding of various pathways
that bring about pollen abortion in naturally occurring cases,
would be of great value. It may be hoped that data from these
induction experiments alongwith the available biochemi cal analyses
would lead to the emergence and elucidation of useful information
of both theoretical and practical interest.
This book discusses the revolution of cycles and rhythms that is
expected to take place in different branches of science and
engineering in the 21st century, with a focus on communication and
information processing. It presents high-quality papers in
vibration sciences, rhythms and oscillations, neurosciences,
mathematical sciences, and communication. It includes major topics
in engineering and structural mechanics, computer sciences,
biophysics and biomathematics, as well as other related fields.
Offering valuable insights, it also inspires researchers to work in
these fields. The papers included in this book were presented at
the 1st International Conference on Engineering Vibration,
Communication and Information Processing (ICoEVCI-2018), India.
This volume contains the proceedings of the Virtual Conference on
Noncommutative Rings and their Applications VII, in honor of Tariq
Rizvi, held from July 5-7, 2021, and the Virtual Conference on
Quadratic Forms, Rings and Codes, held on July 8, 2021, both of
which were hosted by the Universite d'Artois, Lens, France. The
articles cover topics in commutative and noncommutative algebra and
applications to coding theory. In some papers, applications of
Frobenius rings, the skew group rings, and iterated Ore extensions
to coding theory are discussed. Other papers discuss classical
topics, such as Utumi rings, Baer rings, nil and nilpotent
algebras, and Brauer groups. Still other articles are devoted to
various aspects of the elementwise study for rings and modules.
Lastly, this volume includes papers dealing with questions in
homological algebra and lattice theory. The articles in this volume
show the vivacity of the research of noncommutative rings and its
influence on other subjects.
Supercapacitors are electrochemical energy storage devices that are
capable of providing high power density and remarkable energy.
These features make it an attractive device for different energy
storage applications such as: electrical vehicles, back-up power
systems, electronic components etc. They can complement or replace
batteries in electrical energy storage and harvesting applications,
when high power delivery or uptake is needed. Depending upon the
charge storage mechanism as well as active material used, there
exists different class of supercapacitors. First one is the
electrochemical double layer capacitors which are the most common
type of supercapacitors that uses carbon or its derivative with
high surface area as active electrode materials. Second group of
capacitors known as pseudocapacitors or redox supercapacitors,
which uses either noble transition metal oxides like RuOx, CoOx,
NiOx etc. or electron conducting polymers like polypyrrole,
polyaniline, polythiophene etc. were used as electrode materials.
Third one is new and emerging class of electrochemical capacitors
called as Hybrid capacitors which is a combination of capacitive or
pseudocapacitive electrode with
Goat, commonly known as the "poor man's cow," is widely distributed
and usually associated with poor people. Economic contribution of
goat is extremely important for the security and livelihood of poor
people throughout the developing countries. The Jamunapari breed
bas been extensively utilized to upgrade indigenous breeds for milk
and meat purpose, and bas been exported to neighboring countries
for the same purposes. This work exploit to answer the problem of
tracking the oestrus cycle in Jamunapari goat by analyzing
different methods for tracking of the oestrus cycle and develop the
simple, economical and easy method to perform under field
conditions with a high accuracy with minimum intervention.
Isabgol or Blond Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk.) is a winter
season medicinal plant. It belongs to family Plantaginaceae and
genus Plantago.In recent years, demand of isabgol has increased in
the western countries and it is traded in major medicinal drug
market of the world. The productivity of Isabgol is very low. The
limited existing genetic variability is the major bottleneck for
the improvement of the crop and because of small size and closely
borne florets, artificial hybridization is difficult for inducing
the variability. So the present investigation was carried out to
estimate the induced variability, efficiency and effectiveness of
physical mutagen and to isolate desirable mutants in M2 and M3
generation of Isabgol. Variety R1-89 of isabgol was treated with 9
doses of gamma rays (15 kR - 135 kR with an interval of 15 kR) and
studied the M1, M2 and M3 generations for mutagenic variability and
efficient and effective dose of gamma rays.
The biological branches botany and plant breeding have been growing
rapidly which have influenced the thinking of plant breeder and
botanist. It is hard work to make a good compilation to cover the
knowledge of botany and plant breeding in a single plate form in a
simple mode. I am trying to compile it. The present compilation is
mainly for UG and PG students of plant breeding and agriculture
botany. Under the present compilation, i am including the
introduction and history of plant breeding, and general principle
and methods of plant breeding in a simple language. Tables and
photographs have been used where necessary to make the task
clear.In addition to plant breeding also include the introductory
botany.Here i am including the plants structure and their different
parts in detail. Also include the mode of reproduction and
pollination, fertilization, embryo formation, seed development and
taxonomy of the plants. I am sure that it will be helpful for
increase the knowledge of students of agricultural botany and plant
breeding. I would like to record my gratitude for my wife and
family for support.
Nanotechnology will serve as multifunctional tools that will not
only be used with any number of diagnostic and therapeutic agents,
but will change the very foundations of cancer diagnosis,
treatment, and prevention. Cancer is a genetically rooted disease
that involves the simultaneous occurrence of two general categories
of cellular malfunctions. Ligand-mediated targeting of anticancer
therapeutics is being explored utilizing he potential of
Nanotechnology. The basic principle underlies ligand-targeted
therapeutics is that the delivery of antineoplastic drugs to cancer
cells- or cancer-associated tissues such as tumor vasculature can
be selectively increased by associating the drugs with molecules
that bind to antigens or receptors that are either uniquely
expressed or over-expressed on the target cells relative to normal
tissues. This allows specific delivery of drugs bound with
nanoparticles to the cancer cells. This concept is utilized in the
study presented in this book. Con-A, a plant lectin is employed
here as a ligand which guides the SLN's bearing anticancer drug to
the target tumor vasculature. The study summarizes the effective
potential of SLN's in suppressing tumor.
Nature is beautiful. Nature is endured with various plants, which
are of tremendous help to human being. In the past, almost all the
medicines used were from the plants, the plant being man's only
chemist from ages.Historically, the majority of the natural
product-based drugs were first discovered by traditional cell-based
in vitro assays before their real molecular biological targets were
identified. Thus most traditional cell-based in vitro assays can be
viewed as detection methods of the fundamental and unique phenomena
of living organisms. Large number of medicinal plants has been
advocated in folklore medicines, for treating various disease and
disorder. Two of such plants are Dolichos biflorus Linn. and
Asparagus racemosus Willd. local communities for the treatment of
different diseases are using the different parts of these plants
for human being. Hence in current studies the plants has been
selected for there pharmacological & phytochemical study. The
detailed study of Dolichos biflorus Linn. and Asparagus racemosus
Willd. is included in this book and various important finding of
the plants are included in this research book.
Among all areas of mathematics, algebra is one of the best suited
to find applications within the frame of our booming technological
society. The thirty-eight articles in this volume encompass the
proceedings of the International Conference on Algebra and Its
Applications (Athens, OH, 1999), which explored the applications
and interplay among the disciplines of ring theory, linear algebra,
and coding theory. The presentations collected here reflect the
dialogue between mathematicians involved in theoretical aspects of
algebra and mathematicians involved in solving problems where
state-of-the-art research tools may be used and applied. This
""Contemporary Mathematics"" series volume communicates the
potential for collaboration among those interested in exploring the
wealth of applications for abstract algebra in fields such as
information and coding. The expository papers would serve well as
supplemental reading in graduate seminars.
Kasch Modules.- Compactness in Categories and Interpretations.- A
Ring of Morita Context in Which Each Right Ideal is Weakly
Self-injective.- Splitting Theorems and a Problem of Muller.-
Decompositions of D1 Modules.- Right Cones in Groups.- On
Extensions of Regular Rings of Finite Index by Central Elements.-
Intersections of Modules.- Minimal Cogenerators Over Osofsky and
Camillo Rings.- Uniform Modules Over Goldie Prime Serial Rings.-
Co-Versus Contravariant Finiteness of Categories of
Representations.- Monomials and the Lexicographic Order.- Rings
Over Which Direct Sums of CS Modules Are CS.- Exchange Properties
and the Total.- Local Bijective Gabriel Correspondence and Torsion
Theoretic FBN Rings.- Normalizing Extensions and the Second Layer
Condition.- Generators of Subgroups of Finite Index in GLm (?G).-
Weak Relative Injective M-Subgenerated Modules.- Direct Product and
Power Series Formations Over 2-Primal Rings.- Localization in
Noetherian Rings.- Projective Dimension of Ideals in Von Neumann
Regular Rings.- Homological Properties of Color Lie Superalgebras.-
Indecomposable Modules Over Artinian Right Serial Rings.-
Nonsingular Extending Modules.- Right Hereditary, Right Perfect
Rings Are Semiprimary.- On the Endomorphism Ring of a Discrete
Module: A Theorem of F. Kasch.- Nonsingular Rings with Finite Type
Dimension.
This is a self-contained text on abstract algebra for senior
undergraduate and senior graduate students, which gives complete
and comprehensive coverage of the topics usually taught at this
level. The book is divided into five parts. The first part contains
fundamental information such as an informal introduction to sets,
number systems, matrices, and determinants. The second part deals
with groups. The third part treats rings and modules. The fourth
part is concerned with field theory. Much of the material in parts
II, III, and IV forms the core syllabus of a course in abstract
algebra. The fifth part goes on to treat some additional topics not
usually taught at the undergraduate level, such as the
Wedderburn-Artin theorem for semisimple artinian rings,
Noether-Lasker theorem, the Smith-Normal form over a PID, finitely
generated modules over a PID and their applications to rational and
Jordan canonical forms and the tensor products of modules.
Throughout, complete proofs have been given for all theorems
without glossing over significant details or leaving important
theorems as exercises. In addition, the book contains many examples
fully worked out and a variety of problems for practice and
challenge. Solution to the odd-numbered problems are provided at
the end of the book to encourage the student in problem solving.
This new edition contains an introduction to categories and
functors, a new chapter on tensor products and a discussion of the
new (1993) approach to the celebrated Noether-Lasker theorem. In
addition, there are over 150 new problems and examples.
This is a self-contained text on abstract algebra for senior undergraduate and senior graduate students, which gives complete and comprehensive coverage of the topics usually taught at this level. The book is divided into five parts. The first part contains fundamental information such as an informal introduction to sets, number systems, matrices, and determinants. The second part deals with groups. The third part treats rings and modules. The fourth part is concerned with field theory. Much of the material in parts II, III, and IV forms the core syllabus of a course in abstract algebra. The fifth part goes on to treat some additional topics not usually taught at the undergraduate level, such as the Wedderburn-Artin theorem for semisimple artinian rings, Noether-Lasker theorem, the Smith-Normal form over a PID, finitely generated modules over a PID and their applications to rational and Jordan canonical forms and the tensor products of modules. Throughout, complete proofs have been given for all theorems without glossing over significant details or leaving important theorems as exercises. In addition, the book contains many examples fully worked out and a variety of problems for practice and challenge. Solution to the odd-numbered problems are provided at the end of the book to encourage the student in problem solving. This new edition contains an introduction to categories and functors, a new chapter on tensor products and a discussion of the new (1993) approach to the celebrated Noether-Lasker theorem. In addition, there are over 150 new problems and examples.
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