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Electronic media are media that use electronics or
electromechanical audience to access the content. This is in
contrast to static media (mainly print media), which today are most
often created electronically, but do not require electronics to be
accessed by the end user in the printed form. Broadcasting is the
distribution of audio and/or video content or other messages to a
dispersed audience via any electronic mass communications medium,
but typically one using the electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves),
in a one-to-many model. Broadcasting began with AM radio, which
came into popular use around 1920 with the spread of vacuum tube
radio transmitters and receivers. Before this, all forms of
electronic communication (early radio, telephone, and telegraph)
were one-to-one, with the message intended for a single recipient.
Security issues may arise during broadcasting and lead to data loss
if a network is attacked by intruders. In non-networking or
electronic broadcasting, the term broadcasting denotes the transfer
of audio and video data between nodes and devices. Originally all
broadcasting was composed of analog signals using analog
transmission techniques but in the 2000s, broadcasters have
switched to digital signals using digital transmission. In general
usage, broadcasting most frequently refers to the transmission of
information and entertainment programming from various sources to
the general public. A broadcast may be distributed through several
physical means. If coming directly from the radio studio at a
single station or television station, it is simply sent through the
studio/transmitter link to the transmitter and hence from the
television antenna located on the radio masts and towers out to the
world. Programming may also come through a communications
satellite, played either live or recorded for later transmission.
Networks of stations may simulcast the same programming at the same
time, originally via microwave link, now usually by satellite.
Broadcasting focuses on getting a message out and it is up to the
general public to do what they wish with it.
Mass communication is the study of how people and entities relay
information through mass media to large segments of the population
at the same time. In other words, mass communication refers to the
imparting and exchanging of information on a large scale to a wide
range of people. Mass media is communication-whether written,
broadcast, or spoken-that reaches a large audience. This includes
television, radio, advertising, movies, the Internet, newspapers,
magazines, and so forth. The mass media has evolved significantly
over time. Have you ever wondered how the latest news and
information was communicated in the past? Well, before there was
the Internet, television, or the radio, there was the newspaper.
The newspaper was the original platform for mass media. For a long
period of time, the public relied on writers and journalists for
the local newspapers to provide them with the latest news in
current events. Centuries later, in the 1890s, came the invention
of the radio. The radio would soon supersede the newspaper as the
most pertinent source for mass media. Families would gather around
the radio and listen to their favorite radio station programs to
hear the latest news regarding politics, social issues, and
entertainment. Mass media is a significant force in modern culture.
Sociologists refer to this as a mediated culture where media
reflects and creates the culture. Communities and individuals are
bombarded constantly with messages from a multitude of sources
including TV, billboards, and magazines, to name a few. These
messages promote not only products, but outlooks, and a sense of
what is and is not important. Many other mass media outlets have a
presence on the web, by such things as having TV ads that link to a
website, or distributing a QR Code in print or outdoor media to
direct a mobile user to a website. In this way, they can utilize
the easy accessibility that the Internet has, and the outreach that
Internet affords, as information can easily be broadcast to many
different regions of the world simultaneously and cost-efficiently.
The book Mass Media and Public Opinion takes the readers through
the role of mass media in forming the public opinion. It outlines
the role played by the mass media in forming opinions on terrorism,
politics, economics, social issues etc. Mass media reaches a large
audience and hence holds a very important place in the way people
perceive things. The book also talks about corruption in the field
of mass media and how it is used to hide criminal activities and
divert the public from important issues. The book aims to make the
readers aware about the role and current position of mass media in
the world.
Ethics and Journalism - Principles for the 21st century provides
the readers with an introduction to journalism and updates them
with a brief history and devolution of it. It explains the role of
ethics in journalism in the 21st century. Further, it throws light
on the role of politics in journalism and vice versa and the
relations of it with the human rights. Also discussed in the book
is the subject of digital and freelance journalism, the
relationship of journalism with fake news, the challenges that
arise in the field of journalism and the future possibilities in
this field.
Women in journalism discusses about women making big in the biggest
as well as the most important profession, journalism, despite the
constant challenges and sometimes mental as well as physical
harassments. This book provides readers with insights about the
feminist perspective on journalism, the roles that women play in
journalism and key areas of interest for women in journalism. This
book also sheds light on the dark side of women joining journalism
with the topics like violence against women journalists, forms of
online risks for female journalists and experiences of female
journalists across the world. Also discussed in this book are the
different aspects involving what could be done in order to make
journalism profession safe for the women.
Politics And The Mass Media is a book that gives the readers a lot
of insight into the role of mass media in shaping up the politics
of a region or the global politics for that matter as it informs
the readers about the various incidences that have been there in
the past involving mass media, which have transformed the politics
of the world. It gives the readers with all the necessary
information on the relation between the media and its effects on
the political developments across the world. This book also
discusses about the relation between media and politics, the
political debates on the mass media platforms, the shaping up of
public opinion by mass media, limitation of media and its effect on
the political processes and the role of media in various other
factors that affect politics.
Mass Communication and Journalism have undergone tremendous changes
in the 21st century. The mass media, which basically started over
one hundred years ago in the form of newspapers, has come a long
way. Newspapers themselves took a long time to be recognized as
mass media and were able to establish core journalistic ethics over
a vast period which covered the last few centuries and witnessed
such great changes in world affairs as the American Revolution, the
Civil War, World War I and World War II and the more recent
break-up of the Soviet Union and the emergence of the Internet as
the underlying source of most communications and news generation.
The world has witnessed these events in the annals of history and
the mass media and journalism has been at the forefront in
providing the best possible information to the public within its
capacity at various times in history. Technology has been a great
influencer. The production of paper was the main source of the fast
movement of information in the world followed by the invention of
the printing press. Technology has always acted as an enabler of
what the human spirit can achieve. Technological advances take time
to appear on the horizon as the older technologies are replaced by
newer and better ones. The human spirit is facilitated at every
step by this process that happens over time. Rome was not built in
a day. The time factor is the crucial factor that spaces these
technological advancements, though. With the advancement of
technologies, the time gap between one technological advance to
another is decreasing at a tremendous rate. From paper to newspaper
and then through newsmagazines to telegraph and then telephone and
radio followed by television and finally the internet, have all
been sequenced in history one after another like pearls in a
necklace. At every step, each pearl has been shinier than the one
before; however, this does not mean that the older technologies
would disappear. Newspapers are still around, although their
circulation is decreasing. They are endeavoring to meet the
challenge via conversion to the digital realm. In the modern era,
citizen journalism has been evolving at a very fast rate. However,
as most media experts state, the verification and authentication of
citizen journalism are extremely important and a mechanism is
required to accomplish this crucial need. While there are a million
140-character messages in the form of tweets out there, there must
be a way to authenticate the ones who tweet or rank them as per the
track record of veracity and truthfulness of their previous tweets.
The professional journalist is very much alive and would remain so
as long he sticks to the core journalistic ethics of verifying the
truth and sticking to his guns when it comes to double checking or
triple checking for this purpose regardless of the need for scoops
to get to be the first to break the news to the world.
Modern Journalism: Issues and Trends considers various aspects of
Modern Journalism including an extensive historical overview of
journalism and related issues and trends. It includes definitions
journalism, a brief history, the practice of journalism,
professionalism in journalism. Provides the reader with insights
into the development of its history, so as to understand the
journalist mind, motivations, arguments, backgrounds and why some
fields are better to work in as compared to the other fields.
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