This book examines the National Education Board Conference reports as a means of exploring both change and continuity in the Turkish national system of education during mainly the 1940's and 1950's. The author has focused specifically within the context of the political transition between the single-party and multi-party periods. The book's aim is to delve into the details of how the roles, functions, and perceptions of the Conferences evolved within two very dynamic decades. The contextual portion of the book focuses on producing a framework in which to place the developments of the education system from the birth of the Republic until the military intervention of 1960 and focusing on the push for a nationalistic system of schooling. The analytical section examines more specific aspects of the Board Conferences themselves, aiming to scrutinize the weight of the Board's advisory role to the Ministry of Education on issues of religion, technical schooling, the Village Institutes, and democracy in education; all subjects that have emerged as some of the most basic controversies of modern Turkish education today.