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Mesoscopic physics is a fast growing discipline with countless
potential applications. Understanding the science of mesoscopic
materials with unique physical and chemical properties is important
for the design of nanodevices and materials with unique properties.
Clusters as mesoscopic particles represent an intermediate state of
matter between single atoms and solid material. This book deals
with the properties of clusters in matrixes, on surfaces, and in
vacuum. The formation and application of cluster-based materials is
discussed. This book will appeal to physicists, chemists, materials
researchers, and advanced students.
Microcluster Physics provides a lucid account of the fundamental
physics of all types of microclusters, outlining the dynamics and
static properties of this new phase of matter intermediate between
a solid and a molecule. Since originally published in 1991, the
field of microclusters has experienced surprising developments,
which are reviewed in this new edition: The determination of atomic
structure, spontaneous alloying, super-shell, fission,
fragmentation, evaporation, magnetism, fullerenes, nanotubes,
atomic structure of large silicon clusters, superfluidity of a He
cluster, water clusters in liquid, electron correlation and
optimizsation of the geometry, and scattering.
This book aims at providing graduate students and researchers with
funda mental knowledge indispensable for entering the new field of
"microclus 3 ters." Microclusters consisting of 10 to 10 atoms
exhibit neither the pro perties of the corresponding bulk nor those
of the corresponding molecule of a few atoms. The microclusters may
be considered to form a new phase of materials lying between
macroscopic solids and microscopic particles such as atoms and
molecules, showing both macroscopic and microscopic features.
However, research into such"a riew phase has been left untouched
until recent years by the development of the quantum theory of
matter. The microscopic features of microclusters were first
revealed by ob serving anomalies of the mass spectrum of a Na
cluster beam at specific sizes, called magic numbers. Then it was
experimentally confirmed that the magic numbers come from the shell
structure of valence electrons. Being stimulated by these
epoch-making findings in metal microclusters and aided by progress
of the experimental techniques producing relatively dense, non
interacting micro clusters of various sizes in the form of micro
cluster beams, the research field of microclusters has developed
rapidly in these 5 to 7 years. The progress is also due to the
improvement of computers and com putational techniques, which have
made it possible to perform ab initio cal culations of the atomic
and electronic structure of smaller microclusters, as well as to
carry out computer simulations of their dynamics."
This volume contains the proceedings of the first in a series of
biennial NEC Symposia on Fundamental Approaches to New Material
Phases sponsored by the NEC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan. The
symposium was held Octo ber 20-22, 1986, at Hakone Kanko Hotel in
Hakone near Mt. Fuji, and on October 23 at NEC Laboratories in
Kawasaki, Japan. About 40 partic ipants stayed together at the
symposium sites during this period. They enjoyed intense and
wide-ranging discussions in a conference room facing Mt. Fuji and
the beautiful lake Ashinoko extending from the foot of the slope in
the old crater. The title of the volume, Microclusters, means
microscopic aggregates consisting of a few tens through a few
hundreds of atoms. Microclusters, which are too big to be described
as inorganic molecules but too small to have translational
symmetry, are expected to show exotic properties which can be found
in neither molecules nor solids. In the past few years the research
field of microclusters has shown rapid and epoch-making de
velopment. This is partly due to rapid development of the
experimental techniques which have enabled the production of
relatively dense, non interacting microclusters of various sizes in
the form of cluster beams, thus allowing measurement of the
properties of a free microcluster of a given size."
Edited by two pioneers of magneto-optics, this book is designed to
provide graduate students and researchers with an introductory
state-of-the-art review of recent developments in this subject. The
field encompasses important areas in solid-state physics, chemical
physics and electrical engineering. The book deals with optical
spectroscopy of paramagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferromagnetic
materials, photo-induced magnetism and their applications to
opto-electronics.
The book is designed to provide graduate students and research novices with an introductory review of recent developments in the field of magneto-optics. The field encompasses many of the most important subjects in solid state physics, chemical physics and electronic engineering. The book deals with (1) optical spectroscopy of paramagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferromagnetic materials, (2) studies of photo-induced magnetism, and (3) their applications to opto-electronics. Many of these studies originate from those of ligand-field spectra of solids, which are considered to have contributed to advances in materials research for solid-state lasers.
Microcluster Physics provides a lucid account of the fundamental
physics of all types of microclusters, outlining the dynamics and
static properties of this new phase of matter intermediate between
a solid and a molecule. Since originally published in 1991, the
field of microclusters has experienced surprising developments,
which are reviewed in this new edition: The determination of atomic
structure, spontaneous alloying, super-shell, fission,
fragmentation, evaporation, magnetism, fullerenes, nanotubes,
atomic structure of large silicon clusters, superfluidity of a He
cluster, water clusters in liquid, electron correlation and
optimizsation of the geometry, and scattering.
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