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Today's protracted asymmetrical conflicts confuse efforts to
measure progress, often inviting politics and wishful thinking to
replace objective evaluation. In Assessing War, military
historians, social scientists, and military officers explore how
observers have analyzed the trajectory of war in American conflicts
from the Seven Years' War through the war in Afghanistan. Drawing
on decades of acquired expertise, the contributors examine wartime
assessment in both theory and practice and, through alternative
dimensions of assessment such as justice and proportionality, the
war of ideas and economics. This group of distinguished authors
grapples with both conventional and irregular wars and emerging
aspects of conflict-such as cyberwar and nation building-that add
to the complexities of the modern threat environment. The volume
ends with recommendations for practitioners on best approaches
while offering sobering conclusions about the challenges of
assessing war without politicization or self-delusion. Covering
conflicts from the eighteenth century to today, Assessing War
blends focused advice and a uniquely broad set of case studies to
ponder vital questions about warfare's past-and its future. The
book includes a foreword by Gen. George W. Casey Jr. (USA, Ret.),
former chief of staff of the US Army and former commander,
Multi-National Force-Iraq.
This book examines how new empirical approaches to mediation can
shed fresh light on the effectiveness of different patterns of
conflict management, and offers guidelines on the process of
international mediation. International conflict mediation has
become one of, if not the most prominent and important conflict
resolution methods of the early 21st century. This book argues that
traditional approaches to mediation have been inadequate, and that
in order to really understand how the process of international
mediation works, studies need to operate within an explicit
theoretical framework, adopt systematic empirical approaches and
use a diversity of methods to identify critical interactions,
contexts and relationships. This volume captures recent important
changes in the field of international conflict mediation, and
includes essays by leading scholars on a variety of critical
aspects of conflict management, using state of the art analytical
tools and up to date data. This book will of great interest to
scholars of peace and conflict studies, methods in social science,
and of International Relations in general.
This book examines how new empirical approaches to mediation can
shed fresh light on the effectiveness of different patterns of
conflict management, and offers guidelines on the process of
international mediation. International conflict mediation has
become one of, if not the most prominent and important conflict
resolution methods of the early 21st century. This book argues that
traditional approaches to mediation have been inadequate, and that
in order to really understand how the process of international
mediation works, studies need to operate within an explicit
theoretical framework, adopt systematic empirical approaches and
use a diversity of methods to identify critical interactions,
contexts and relationships. This volume captures recent important
changes in the field of international conflict mediation, and
includes essays by leading scholars on a variety of critical
aspects of conflict management, using state of the art analytical
tools and up to date data. This book will of great interest to
scholars of peace and conflict studies, methods in social science,
and of International Relations in general.
How do military organizations assess strategic policy in war? In
this book Scott Gartner develops a theory to explain how military
and government leaders evaluate wartime performance, how much they
change strategies in response to this evaluation, and why they are
frequently at odds when discussing the success or failure of
strategic performance. Blending history, decision theory, and
mathematical modeling, Gartner argues that military personnel do
reevaluate their strategies and that they measure the performance
of a strategy through quantitative, "dominant" indicators. But
different actors within a government use different indicators of
success: some will see the strategy as succeeding when others see
it as failing because of their different dominant indicators.
Gartner tests his argument with three case studies: the British
shift to convoys in World War I following the German imposition of
unrestricted submarine warfare; the lack of change in British naval
policy in the Battle of the Atlantic following the German
introduction of Wolf Packs in World War II; and the American
decision to deescalate in Vietnam after the Tet Offensive. He also
tests his approach in a nonwar situation, analyzing the Carter
Administration's decision to launch the hostage rescue attempt. In
each case, his dominant indicator model better predicts the
observed behavior than either a standard-organization or an
action-reaction approach.
Today's protracted asymmetrical conflicts confuse efforts to
measure progress, often inviting politics and wishful thinking to
replace objective evaluation. In Assessing War, military
historians, social scientists, and military officers explore how
observers have analyzed the trajectory of war in American conflicts
from the Seven Years' War through the war in Afghanistan. Drawing
on decades of acquired expertise, the contributors examine wartime
assessment in both theory and practice and, through alternative
dimensions of assessment such as justice and proportionality, the
war of ideas and economics. This group of distinguished authors
grapples with both conventional and irregular wars and emerging
aspects of conflict-such as cyberwar and nation building-that add
to the complexities of the modern threat environment. The volume
ends with recommendations for practitioners on best approaches
while offering sobering conclusions about the challenges of
assessing war without politicization or self-delusion. Covering
conflicts from the eighteenth century to today, Assessing War
blends focused advice and a uniquely broad set of case studies to
ponder vital questions about warfare's past-and its future. The
book includes a foreword by Gen. George W. Casey Jr. (USA, Ret.),
former chief of staff of the US Army and former commander,
Multi-National Force-Iraq.
Gartner and Segura consider the costs of war - both human and
political - by examining the consequences of foreign combat, on
domestic politics. The personal costs of war - the military war
dead and injured - are the most salient measure of war costs
generally and the primary instrument through which war affects
domestic politics. The authors posit a general framework for
understanding war initiation, war policy and war termination in
democratic polities, and the role that citizens and their deaths
through conflict play in those policy choices. Employing a variety
of empirical methods, they examine multiple wars from the last 100
years, conducting analyses of tens of thousands of individuals
across a wide variety of historical and hypothetical conditions,
whilst also addressing policy implications. This study will be of
interest to students and scholars in American foreign policy,
international politics, public opinion, national security, American
politics, communication studies, and military history.
Gartner and Segura consider the costs of war - both human and
political - by examining the consequences of foreign combat, on
domestic politics. The personal costs of war - the military war
dead and injured - are the most salient measure of war costs
generally and the primary instrument through which war affects
domestic politics. The authors posit a general framework for
understanding war initiation, war policy and war termination in
democratic polities, and the role that citizens and their deaths
through conflict play in those policy choices. Employing a variety
of empirical methods, they examine multiple wars from the last 100
years, conducting analyses of tens of thousands of individuals
across a wide variety of historical and hypothetical conditions,
whilst also addressing policy implications. This study will be of
interest to students and scholars in American foreign policy,
international politics, public opinion, national security, American
politics, communication studies, and military history.
Long the standard source for quantitative indicators of American
history, a new edition of Historical Statistics of the United
States is something that reference librarians, historians, and
social scientists have long awaited. Not since the Bicentennial
Edition was published in 1975 has new data and material been
available. Available online for the first time, this comprehensive
and thoroughly revised edition reflects thirty years of information
and new scholarship, providing a comprehensive compendium of
statistics from over 1,000 sources, recording every aspect of the
history of the United States. The electronic edition has been
designed to give users a variety of means to search and navigate
the vast amount of data available. Users will be able to graph
individual tables or to combine data from different tables into
'custom tables' and to download tables for use in spreadsheets and
other applications. Visit www.cambridge.org/historicalstats for
further information and to discover more
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