This book will provide current understandings about two ubiquitously expressed metabotropic GPCRs, G-coupled purinoreceptor type 2 (P2Y) and Takeda G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5). G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of proteins implicated in majority of cellular responses. The two receptor sub-families play a central role in many physiological functions as well as in many pathological conditions. This book offers up-to-date information on the physiological functions, signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms of P2Y and TGR5 receptors. In addition, this book provides a comprehensive overview about the abnormalities of P2Y/TGR5 receptors and their contribution in the development and progression of pathological conditions. It also covers the currently available natural, chemical and pharmacological agents targeting these two receptor families and their therapeutic implications in P2Y and TGR5 associated disorders. This book is a valuable source for beginners and researchers to follow the rapidly progressing field of these two GPCR subfamily members.

This book discusses the role of nutrition in obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD). It covers the investigational therapies in OCD, use of animal models, and biomarkers for better diagnosis, monitoring, and possible therapeutic options with nutrients for patients with OCD. The book highlights the role of probiotics, amino acids, vitamins, micro-nutrients, and salts in the management of OCD. It includes topics like the applications of computational modeling and nano-biotechnology in OCD, the effects of environmental pollutants, and the regulation of anti-depressants in OCD. Key features – Covers emerging therapeutic and nutritional approaches for the treatment and management of OCD Reviews the role of various micro-nutrients in OCD Discusses the prenatal genetic diagnosis and application of computational modelling in OCD Includes the nutritional and dietary roles in neuropsychiatric disorders like depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) Explores the application of nano-biotechnology in OCD The book is meant for researchers and professionals in the field of nutritional neuroscience and psychology.

This book provides the latest research on the role of nutrients in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders. It discusses dietary supplements and dietary restrictions for combating neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and epilepsy. The book also explains the impact of different nutrients such as herbal products, algae, micronutrients in stimulating the brain and central nervous system during abnormal functions. It covers the effect of the nutrients on the function of neurotransmitters, their stimulatory effect in autism, dementia, Alzheimer's, and other neuropathological states. The book also defines the mechanistic effects of neuroprotective and psycho protective effects of natural food in repairing brain damage. This book is essential reading for neuroscientists and neurologists, and healthcare professionals.

The field of gastrointestinal biology has been transformed by an explosion of knowledge for gastrointestinal motility, absorption, and secretion. The chapters in this book summarise the methods of molecular biology and the cell biology of gut enzymes, secreting cells and cells that respond to these enzymes. This book is a valuable reference for students, researchers and faculties of gastrointestinal motility, absorption and secretion. No other single source covers this field so comprehensively. It contains a considerable amount of detail on subjects such as gut hormones, gut malabsorption, alcohol toxicity on the stomach and methods used in physiologic study of the digestive tract. Disease conditions are discussed only to the extent that they illustrate physiologic mechanisms. It is difficult for such a comprehensive work to remain up to date for very long, considering how rapidly our knowledge of life sciences expands. This book, a comprehensive treatise on the causes, diagnosis, and management of gastrointestinal-motility disorders, consists of eighteen chapters with extensive references contained in slightly fewer than 300 pages. It achieves its goal through generally lucid writing and the overlap of information from chapter to chapter commonly observed in multi-authored works. Therefore, the reader is best advised to go through this book in a relaxed manner; this will allow them to finish it in a relatively short amount of time and appreciate the field of gastrointestinal motility, particularly current practices and research methods for solving its many riddles. All the chapters are clearly written, but the target audience seems to vary from medical students to practicing gastroenterologists. Despite these drawbacks, gastroenterologists, surgeons, and basic scientists wishing to bring their general knowledge of clinical motility disorders up to date will find this book useful.

Over the past few years, epidemiological studies have revealed that there is an increase of life threatening liver diseases worldwide. It becomes increasingly clear that developments in this field are moving so rapidly toward the creation of new drugs against these maladies. Numerous research articles and books have been published on various aspects of toxicities, symptoms, managements and health implications of the liver. Consequently, a catalogue of collective information of toxicities, various features of natural products, and remedies for the prevention of toxicities is needed. This book deals with the toxicities in organs like the liver and the role natural products have in the preventing these ailments. It also analyses trends in the processing of natural products by using nanotechnology and their health implications. The main purpose of this book is to exhibit relevant, modern information on hepatotoxicity, its symptoms, and treatments presented by internationally recognised experts in the field. Therefore, it is our belief that this book has covered some of the most interesting aspects of research in liver diseases and provides a trustworthy source of current information in this area of research which should prove useful to the scientists interested in this discipline throughout the world. This collection will interest a variety of other scientific disciplines including toxicology, genetics, medicine and pharmacology, as well as drug and food sciences. We hope that our readers will find this volume to be a delightful addition to their personal libraries, laboratories and offices. Additionally, it can be used as a required or recommended text for related courses taught at colleges and universities levels.