Sunflower is the world fourth most important sources of edible oil. A lot of work has been done for varietals improvement through conventional breeding in Pakistan. In the present work, 16 cultivars (open pollinated population "OPP" and hybrid population "HP" eight each) of sunflower was evaluated. The study was aimed at evaluating the mineral composition, estimation of moisture contents, measuring electrical conductivity and 100 seeds weight. The mineral composition was fractionated though Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, which indicate that Zn+2 was 8.54 and 9.35%; Cu+2 0.5 and 0.02%; Mn+2 3.48 and 9.72%; Co+2 18.67 and 16.81%; Mg+2 68.27 and 83.53%; Fe+3 4.32 and 4.35% were estimated in HP and OPP respectively. Similarly, moisture contents and and 1000-seeds weight were calculated in the HP and OPP respectively. In comparative picture the mineral concentration, moisture contents and 1000 seeds weight in open pollinated population were high as compared to hybrid. A total of 11.7 % genetic diversity was observed in mineral composition of both the populations. The EC was high in HP ranging from 70. 85-137.8, while comparatively low in OPP.

Pheasants are one of the most charismatic bird groups. They are mostly confined to Asian subcontinent. Status of pheasants indicates the quality of forest ecosystem of that particular habitat/area/region. Increased human population and their related natural resources need degraded pheasant's habitat worldwide. The IUCN has listed pheasants the most threatened bird group among all birds. Therefore the present study carried out on the ecology, threats and conservation of the pheasants of Kumaon Himalaya in India. The book contains 8 chapters that include status and abundance, habitat use, ecological studies, threats and conservation strategy for Kumaon Himalaya pheasants. The book will be useful for students, researchers, game bird managers and forest conservationist.

Common (bread) wheat is an allohexaploid species (Triticum aestivum L.) with 3 compensating genomes AABBDD (2n=6x=42 chromosomes). Traditionally genetic and physical mapping in this most important cereal crop has been based on molecular markers (RFLPs, PCR, Insitu hybridization etc). The recent development in producing deletion lines of common wheat (using Aegilops cylindricum genome) has revolutionized the physical mapping of wheat chromosomes. During present study, deletion lines of chromosomes 5A of common wheat were used to identify RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) based molecular markers specific for short and/or long arm of chromosome 5A. Out of the 7 RAPD primers used, OPA-07 showed useful polymorphism for long arm deletion lines viz; del5AL-10 and del5AL-23. By comparing the C-banding karyotype of the deletion lines, it is inferred that the primer (OPA-07) anneals to the distal half of the long arm of chromosome 5A.

Privatization has always been facing problem inpakistan. It has thought that it is just the sellingout of the public and Government property to theprivate hands and it has nothing with the efficiencyand effectiveness. But it is indeed not just bringingefficiency but also reducing the burden of Governmentin financing these organization. this book will givea view of the problems facing by these newlyprivatized organization.