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In the past five years, the field of electrostatic discharge (ESD)
control has under gone some notable changes. Industry standards
have multiplied, though not all of these, in our view, are
realistic and meaningful. Increasing importance has been ascribed
to the Charged Device Model (CDM) versus the Human Body Model (HBM)
as a cause of device damage and, presumably, premature (latent)
failure. Packaging materials have significantly evolved. Air
ionization techniques have improved, and usage has grown. Finally,
and importantly, the government has ceased imposing MIL-STD-1686 on
all new contracts, leaving companies on their own to formulate an
ESD-control policy and write implementing documents. All these
changes are dealt with in five new chapters and ten new reprinted
papers added to this revised edition of ESD from A to Z. Also, the
original chapters have been augmented with new material such as
more troubleshooting examples in Chapter 8 and a 20-question
multiple-choice test for certifying operators in Chapter 9. More
than ever, the book seeks to provide advice, guidance, and
practical ex amples, not just a jumble of facts and
generalizations. For instance, the added tailored versions of the
model specifications for ESD-safe handling and packaging are
actually in use at medium-sized corporations and could serve as
patterns for many readers."
This book is intended as both an introduction to the
state-of-the-art in visual languages, as well as an exposition of
the frontiers of research in advanced visual languages. It is for
computer scientists, computer engi neers, information scientists,
application programmers, and technical managers responsible for
software development projects who are inter ested in the
methodology and manifold applications of visual languages and
visual programming. The contents of this book are drawn from
invited papers, as well as selected papers from two workshops: the
1985 IEEE Workshop on Lan guages for Automation-Cognitive Aspects
in Information Processing, which was held in Mallorca, Spain, June
28-30, 1985; and the 1984 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages, which
was held in Hiroshima, Japan, December 7-9, 1984. Panos Ligomenides
and I organized the technical program of LFA '85, and Tadao
Ichikawa and I organized the techni cal program of VL '84. Both
workshops have now become successful annual events in their own
right. The intersecting area of visual languages and visual
programming especially has become a fascinating new research area.
It is hoped that this book will focus the reader's attention on
some of the interesting research issues as well as the potential
for future applications. After reading this book, the reader will
undoubtedly get an impression that visual languages and the concept
of generalized icons can be studied fruitfully from many different
perspectives, including computer graphics, formal language theory,
educational methodology, cognitive psychology and visual design."
Multimedia has two fundamental characteristics that can be
expressed by the following formula: Multimedia = Multiple Media +
Hypermedia. How can software engineering take advantage of these
two characteristics? Will these two characteristics pose problems
in multimedia systems design? These are some of the issues to be
explored in this book. The first two chapters will be of interest
to managers, software engineers, programmers, and people interested
in gaining an overall understanding of multimedia software
engineering. The next six chapters present multimedia software
engineering according to the conceptual framework introduced in
Chapter One. This is of particular use to practitioners, system
developers, multimedia application designers, programmers, and
people interested in prototyping multimedia applications. The next
three chapters are more research-oriented and are mainly intended
for researchers working on the specification, modeling, and
analysis of distributed multimedia systems, but will also be
relevant to scientists, researchers, and software engineers
interested in the systems and theoretical aspects of multimedia
software engineering. Multimedia Software Engineering can be used
as a textbook in a graduate course on multimedia software
engineering or in an undergraduate course on software design where
the emphasis is on multimedia applications. It is especially
suitable for a project-oriented course.
Two central ideas in the movement toward advanced automation
systems are the office-of-the-future (or office automation system),
and the factory of-the-future (or factory automation system). An
office automation system is an integrated system with diversified
office equipment, communication devices, intelligent terminals,
intelligent copiers, etc., for providing information management and
control in a dis tributed office environment. A factory automation
system is also an inte grated system with programmable machine
tools, robots, and other pro cess equipment such as new
"peripherals," for providing manufacturing information management
and control. Such advanced automation systems can be regarded as
the response to the demand for greater variety, greater
flexibility, customized designs, rapid response, and 'Just-in-time"
delivery of office services or manufac tured goods. The economy of
scope, which allows the production of a vari ety of similar
products in random order, gradually replaces the economy of scale
derived from overall volume of operations. In other words, we are
gradually switching from the production of large volumes of
standard products to systems for the production of a wide variety
of similar products in small batches. This is the phenomenon of
"demassification" of the marketplace, as described by Alvin Toffier
in The Third Wave."
Multimedia has two fundamental characteristics that can be
expressed by the following formula: Multimedia = Multiple Media +
Hypermedia. How can software engineering take advantage of these
two characteristics? Will these two characteristics pose problems
in multimedia systems design? These are some of the issues to be
explored in this book. The first two chapters will be of interest
to managers, software engineers, programmers, and people interested
in gaining an overall understanding of multimedia software
engineering. The next six chapters present multimedia software
engineering according to the conceptual framework introduced in
Chapter One. This is of particular use to practitioners, system
developers, multimedia application designers, programmers, and
people interested in prototyping multimedia applications. The next
three chapters are more research-oriented and are mainly intended
for researchers working on the specification, modeling, and
analysis of distributed multimedia systems, but will also be
relevant to scientists, researchers, and software engineers
interested in the systems and theoretical aspects of multimedia
software engineering. Multimedia Software Engineering can be used
as a textbook in a graduate course on multimedia software
engineering or in an undergraduate course on software design where
the emphasis is on multimedia applications. It is especially
suitable for a project-oriented course.
In the past five years, the field of electrostatic discharge (ESD)
control has under gone some notable changes. Industry standards
have multiplied, though not all of these, in our view, are
realistic and meaningful. Increasing importance has been ascribed
to the Charged Device Model (CDM) versus the Human Body Model (HBM)
as a cause of device damage and, presumably, premature (latent)
failure. Packaging materials have significantly evolved. Air
ionization techniques have improved, and usage has grown. Finally,
and importantly, the government has ceased imposing MIL-STD-1686 on
all new contracts, leaving companies on their own to formulate an
ESD-control policy and write implementing documents. All these
changes are dealt with in five new chapters and ten new reprinted
papers added to this revised edition of ESD from A to Z. Also, the
original chapters have been augmented with new material such as
more troubleshooting examples in Chapter 8 and a 20-question
multiple-choice test for certifying operators in Chapter 9. More
than ever, the book seeks to provide advice, guidance, and
practical ex amples, not just a jumble of facts and
generalizations. For instance, the added tailored versions of the
model specifications for ESD-safe handling and packaging are
actually in use at medium-sized corporations and could serve as
patterns for many readers.
Decision making is a very complex phenomenon. Modern decision
makers must deal with very complex problems which are constantly
changing and often ill structured, making modeling and analysis
difficult. In order to provide support for the decision makers,
computer-based information systems are designed to collect, store,
process, and transport information. Recent advances in computer
technol ogy, data communications, database systems, office
automation, and knowledge engineering have made possible the design
of very sophisticated information sys tems. However, rapid
technological advances also create many problems, not the least of
which is the lack of integration among the various disciplines in
infor mation system design. Without such integration, a costly
computer-based infor mation system is at best partially useful and
at worst totally useless. The aim of this book, therefore, is to
examine the various issues involved in designing man agement
information systems, decision support systems, and office
information systems for increasing productivity and providing
decision support. This book is the outcome of the Workshop on
Management and Office Infor mation Systems, which was organized by
the Knowledge Systems Institute and held at Chicago, Illinois, from
June 28 to 30, 1982. Twenty-seven papers from the working papers
presented at that workshop were selected for inclusion in the
present volume, which is organized into five parts: (I)
organization structures and management, (II) decision support
systems, (III) database systems, (IV) office information systems,
and (V) systems and applications."
This book is intended as both an introduction to the
state-of-the-art in visual languages, as well as an exposition of
the frontiers of research in advanced visual languages. It is for
computer scientists, computer engi neers, information scientists,
application programmers, and technical managers responsible for
software development projects who are inter ested in the
methodology and manifold applications of visual languages and
visual programming. The contents of this book are drawn from
invited papers, as well as selected papers from two workshops: the
1985 IEEE Workshop on Lan guages for Automation-Cognitive Aspects
in Information Processing, which was held in Mallorca, Spain, June
28-30, 1985; and the 1984 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages, which
was held in Hiroshima, Japan, December 7-9, 1984. Panos Ligomenides
and I organized the technical program of LFA '85, and Tadao
Ichikawa and I organized the techni cal program of VL '84. Both
workshops have now become successful annual events in their own
right. The intersecting area of visual languages and visual
programming especially has become a fascinating new research area.
It is hoped that this book will focus the reader's attention on
some of the interesting research issues as well as the potential
for future applications. After reading this book, the reader will
undoubtedly get an impression that visual languages and the concept
of generalized icons can be studied fruitfully from many different
perspectives, including computer graphics, formal language theory,
educational methodology, cognitive psychology and visual design."
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Visual Information Systems, VISUAL 2002, held in Hsin Chu, Taiwan, in March 2002.The 28 revised full papers presented together with one invited paper were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on content-based indexing, search, and retrieval; visual information system architectures; image/video databases; networked video; and applications in various fields.
This book covers the principles and recent research results in
intelligent image database systems design. Special emphasis is
placed on spatial reasoning and the techniques for image indexing
and retrieval, mainly based on the Theory of Symbolic Projection.
In addition, applications of the theory and techniques to
intelligent image database systems design are also discussed.
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