Hospital represents a special environment due to the nature of activities developed. It has many risk factors which can evoke many disorders and can damage the health of patients and also of staff. The microbiological factor in hospitals is the most risky for immuno-compromised patients because it has the potential to start nosocomial infections (hospital acquired infection). Several airborne infectious diseases are related to the indoor air quality. So, Control of airborne transmission of infectious diseases associated with indoor environments is especially important in medical environments. There is also an increasing rate of resistance among the nosocomial pathogens which is particularly disconcerting. Therefore it is necessary to be aware of nosocomial infections caused by bioaerosols in hospital environment and control it to the lowest level. In consideration of above facts air sample from various wards of different hospitals were analysed for microbial load and further screened for the incidence of pathogenic microorganisms with their multidrug resistance ability. Microbial concentration were compared to the available guidelines and draw the conclusions and recommendations.

Malaria is infectious vector borne parasitic and Plasmodium carried by the vector mosquitoes, which belong to genus Anopheles. The first anti-malarial developed later is chloroquine, primaquine, proquanil, pyrimethamine, metloquine etc. The aim of this study is to test the in-vitro antiplasmodial effect of extract and different fractions of Datura innoxia (leaves) and Diospyros melanoxylan (bark). D.innoxia (leaves) and D.melanoxylon. (barks), are collected from the lower forest of uttarakhand which is identified by the local people.The anti-malarial activity of the extract was discernible as number of parasite in mature schizont form in the total of 200 parasites. The crude extract (both water and ethanol) of D. innoxia and D. melanoxylon tested in-vitro had show antimalarial activity. The result of this preliminary study is very much encouraging. Natural products are important source of biologically active compounds and have potential for the development of novel antimalarial drugs. The eradication of the disease has been hampered by the emergence and spread of multi drug resistant malarial parasites, especially P.falciparum strains resistant to many antimalarial drugs."

The transmission electron microscope, commonly referred to as a TEM, is more powerful than the traditional light microscope. Transmission electron microscopes allow the user to see the fine details of the specimens which are normally not seen in microscopes of a lower power. The invention of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) enabled scientists to view living material in a way that was previously impossible. Bacteria and other living matter could now be examined on the cellular level through their magnetic structures, allowing scientists to view formation of DNA chains and crystalline structures to determine if certain cells are forming properly or are "misaligned." TEM technology has become a useful diagnostic tool for disease and infection, allowing doctors to identify healthy tissue from damaged areas, and allowing pharmaceutical companies to develop affective treatments to defeat disease-causing bacteria.