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Hospital represents a special environment due to the nature of
activities developed. It has many risk factors which can evoke many
disorders and can damage the health of patients and also of staff.
The microbiological factor in hospitals is the most risky for
immuno-compromised patients because it has the potential to start
nosocomial infections (hospital acquired infection). Several
airborne infectious diseases are related to the indoor air quality.
So, Control of airborne transmission of infectious diseases
associated with indoor environments is especially important in
medical environments. There is also an increasing rate of
resistance among the nosocomial pathogens which is particularly
disconcerting. Therefore it is necessary to be aware of nosocomial
infections caused by bioaerosols in hospital environment and
control it to the lowest level. In consideration of above facts air
sample from various wards of different hospitals were analysed for
microbial load and further screened for the incidence of pathogenic
microorganisms with their multidrug resistance ability. Microbial
concentration were compared to the available guidelines and draw
the conclusions and recommendations.
Malaria is infectious vector borne parasitic and Plasmodium carried
by the vector mosquitoes, which belong to genus Anopheles. The
first anti-malarial developed later is chloroquine, primaquine,
proquanil, pyrimethamine, metloquine etc. The aim of this study is
to test the in-vitro antiplasmodial effect of extract and different
fractions of Datura innoxia (leaves) and Diospyros melanoxylan
(bark). D.innoxia (leaves) and D.melanoxylon. (barks), are
collected from the lower forest of uttarakhand which is identified
by the local people.The anti-malarial activity of the extract was
discernible as number of parasite in mature schizont form in the
total of 200 parasites. The crude extract (both water and ethanol)
of D. innoxia and D. melanoxylon tested in-vitro had show
antimalarial activity. The result of this preliminary study is very
much encouraging. Natural products are important source of
biologically active compounds and have potential for the
development of novel antimalarial drugs. The eradication of the
disease has been hampered by the emergence and spread of multi drug
resistant malarial parasites, especially P.falciparum strains
resistant to many antimalarial drugs."
The transmission electron microscope, commonly referred to as a
TEM, is more powerful than the traditional light microscope.
Transmission electron microscopes allow the user to see the fine
details of the specimens which are normally not seen in microscopes
of a lower power. The invention of the transmission electron
microscope (TEM) enabled scientists to view living material in a
way that was previously impossible. Bacteria and other living
matter could now be examined on the cellular level through their
magnetic structures, allowing scientists to view formation of DNA
chains and crystalline structures to determine if certain cells are
forming properly or are "misaligned." TEM technology has become a
useful diagnostic tool for disease and infection, allowing doctors
to identify healthy tissue from damaged areas, and allowing
pharmaceutical companies to develop affective treatments to defeat
disease-causing bacteria.
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