This book deals with cloning of maltase gene of Bacillus licheniformis in Escherichia coli. During the course of study, genomic DNA isolation from Bacillus licheniformis strain ATCC 14580 has been followed by the amplification of maltase gene using a pair of specific forward and reverse primers under optimized PCR parameters. The DNA isolated from Bacillus licheniformis was used as a template and followed amplification, PCR product was purified using Novagen gene kit. T4 DNA ligase was used to ligate the purified PCR product with cloning vector pTZ57R/T. Escherichia coli strain DH5 was used for transformation. Competent cells prepared from Escherichia coli DH5 were then transformed with cloning vector pTZ57R/T. Colony PCR was performed by using cloned Escherichia coli strain as template for amplification. Recombinant plasmid was isolated by alkaline lysis method. Each step was followed by agarose gel electrophoresis to examine the particular nature of genomic DNA, maltase gene and recombinant plasmid. The particular location of bands on gel, observed in gel documentation system, confirmed the success of each step performed."

This Book describes the synthesis, crystal structure determination, antibacterial, antifungal, Brine-Shrimp Cytotoxocity assay and DPPH antioxidants studies of a range of new N- & O-Sulphonated derivatives of tyrosine. The targeted compounds were prepared by the reaction of Tyrosine with different sulfonyl chlorides via different synthesis schemes from moderate to excellent yields. The final products were extensively screened to investigate their antibacterial and antifungal potentials. All the derivatives were found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus broncistepica, Salmonella typhimurium and Enterobacter aerogenes. These Derivative did not show any bioactivity against fungal strains such as Mucor species, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium solani. The targeted compounds were also subjected to Brine-Shrimp cytotoxic studies. Only one compound showed good cytotoxic activity while other derivatives exhibit no activity at all.Antioxidant potential of these derivatives was investigated by DPPH Assay. All compounds showed excellent antioxidant activities.