Different factors thought to have effect on the mortality of lambs w.r.t. 3 breeds of sheep have been presented. Kacchi breed had the highest lamb mortality (14.2%) followed by Thalli breed (11.9%) while that of Pak-Karakul was the lowest (7.3%). Female lamb had the highest overall mortality rate (10.2%) while that of male was the lowest (8.8%). The lamb had the highest overall mortality rate (36.7%) between age group of 91-120 days (3 months) while between 1-30 days (1 month) of age, mortality was the lowest (4.7%).The lamb had the highest overall mortality rate (12.2%) during spring while it was the lowest (5.5%) in summer. The lamb had the highest overall mortality rate (43.7%) due to pneumonia followed by gastro-enteritis (19.2%) and heat stroke (10.7%). The lamb had the highest overall mortality rate (44.1%) of the dam having 3 years of age followed by 4 years of age of dam (25.7%). Proper feeding of the pregnant ewes, controlled breeding and better management before lambing can play an important role in reducing the mortality.

Present manuscript determines prevalence, etiology and efficacy of a therapeutic protocol against mastitis in she camels of central Punjab-Pakistan. 400 milk samples (200 each from district Faisalabad and Jhang) from udder quarters of different breeds were collected. Surf Field Mastitis test was used to assess prevalence of subclinical mastitis, which was, in Distt. Faisalabad 41.5% while it was 38.5% in Distt. Jhang, while, clinical mastitis was 7% in both the districts. Staphylococcus and streptococcus were the major cause of mastitis. 12 different antibiotics were tested for their sensitivity against the bacterial isolates recovered from the milk samples of Mareecha, Desi and crossbred she camels. Oxytetracycline was the most effective in vitro antibiotics. Bacteriological cure rate was 64.2% and 78.75% of the treated quarters of clinically mastitic she camels at the 7 and 14th days of post treatment, while bacteriological cure rate in subclinical mastitic dromedaries was 93.75% and 100% at the 7 and 14th days of post treatment in both the districts. Combination therapy with antibiotics proved effective in treatment of clinical and subclinical mastitis in she camels.

Present manuscript reports about the factors affecting milk production & composition & also points out the management factors affecting udder health in traditionally managed camels.Season of the year, parity & stage of lactation affected significantly(p0.05) on milk acidity, parity significantly affecting (p0.05) on %age protein, fat, lactose, acidity and SNF. This study indicated that camels are reliable source of milk in hostile regions & proper mastitis control program & provision of adequate feed & water during extreme weather would result in better production.