Originally published in 1978. These essays are written by distinguished philosophers from many countries and were published as a homage to Spinoza in the year which marked the three-hundredth anniversary of his death. A special feature of the book is that it includes a recently discovered letter by Spinoza, reproduced for the first time in English and in facsimile, with a commentary. The controversial influence of Spinoza on Freud is discussed, and illustrated by facsimile reproductions of original letters, hitherto unknown to Freudians and Spinozists alike. These letters direct revealing light on some of Freud's attitudes. Important parallels between East and West will also attract the student of Spinoza.

Originally published in 1978. These essays are written by distinguished philosophers from many countries and were published as a homage to Spinoza in the year which marked the three-hundredth anniversary of his death. A special feature of the book is that it includes a recently discovered letter by Spinoza, reproduced for the first time in English and in facsimile, with a commentary. The controversial influence of Spinoza on Freud is discussed, and illustrated by facsimile reproductions of original letters, hitherto unknown to Freudians and Spinozists alike. These letters direct revealing light on some of Freud's attitudes. Important parallels between East and West will also attract the student of Spinoza.

This book presents the science of tensors in a didactic way. The various types and ranks of tensors and the physical basis is presented. Cartesian Tensors are needed for the description of directional phenomena in many branches of physics and for the characterization the anisotropy of material properties. The first sections of the book provide an introduction to the vector and tensor algebra and analysis, with applications to physics, at undergraduate level. Second rank tensors, in particular their symmetries, are discussed in detail. Differentiation and integration of fields, including generalizations of the Stokes law and the Gauss theorem, are treated. The physics relevant for the applications in mechanics, quantum mechanics, electrodynamics and hydrodynamics is presented. The second part of the book is devoted to tensors of any rank, at graduate level. Special topics are irreducible, i.e. symmetric traceless tensors, isotropic tensors, multipole potential tensors, spin tensors, integration and spin-trace formulas, coupling of irreducible tensors, rotation of tensors. Constitutive laws for optical, elastic and viscous properties of anisotropic media are dealt with. The anisotropic media include crystals, liquid crystals and isotropic fluids, rendered anisotropic by external orienting fields. The dynamics of tensors deals with phenomena of current research. In the last section, the 3D Maxwell equations are reformulated in their 4D version, in accord with special relativity.

Die hier behandelten Vielteilchensysteme - Gase, Nanosysteme und Flussigkeiten - umfassen alle Formen der Materie, die zwischen Teilchen (Bestandteile der Materie, Band 4) und Festkoerpern (Band 6) einzuordnen sind. Die Experimente stehen im Vordergrund. Zusatzlich werden alle wichtigen theoretischen Ansatze und Naherungen sowie die wesentlichen aktuellen Erkenntnisse zum komplexen Gebiet der Vielteilchen von fuhrenden Wissenschaftlern beschrieben. Insbesondere Nanoteilchen und funktionale Nanosysteme haben in den letzten Jahren fur praktische Anwendungen zunehmendes Interesse gefunden. Ihre Herstellung, die Analyse ihrer zum Teil ganz neuen physikalischen Eigenschaften und ihre Nutzungsmoeglichkeiten werden ausfuhrlich dargestellt. Pluspunkte: umfassende Darstellung des komplexen Gebiets der Vielteilchen unter Einbeziehung aller wichtigen aktuellen Erkenntnisse, fur die Erarbeitung des Stoffes im Selbststudium geeignet.