This is an open access book. Time is an exceptional dimension with high relevance in medicine, engineering, business, science, biography, history, planning, or project management. Understanding time-oriented data via visual representations enables us to learn from the past in order to predict, plan, and build the future. This second edition builds upon the great success of the first edition. It maintains a brief introduction to visualization and a review of historical time-oriented visual representations. At its core, the book develops a systematic view of the visualization of time-oriented data. Separate chapters discuss interaction techniques and computational methods for supporting the visual data analysis. Many examples and figures illustrate the introduced concepts and techniques. So, what is new for the second edition? First of all, the second edition is now published as an open-access book so that anyone interested in the visualization of time and time-oriented data can read it. Second, the entire content has been revised and expanded to represent state-of-the-art knowledge. The chapter on interaction support now includes advanced methods for interacting with visual representations of time-oriented data. The second edition also covers the topics of data quality as well as segmentation and labeling. The comprehensive survey of classic and contemporary visualization techniques now provides more than 150 self-contained descriptions accompanied by illustrations and corresponding references. A completely new chapter describes how the structured survey can be used for the guided selection of suitable visualization techniques. For the second edition, our TimeViz Browser, the digital pendant to the survey of visualization techniques, received a major upgrade. It includes the same set of techniques as the book, but comes with additional filter and search facilities allowing scientists and practitioners to find exactly the solutions they are interested in. 

Time is an exceptional dimension that is common to many application domains such as medicine, engineering, business, or science. Due to the distinct characteristics of time, appropriate visual and analytical methods are required to explore and analyze them. This book starts with an introduction to visualization and historical examples of visual representations. At its core, the book presents and discusses a systematic view of the visualization of time-oriented data along three key questions: what is being visualized (data), why something is visualized (user tasks), and how it is presented (visual representation). To support visual exploration, interaction techniques and analytical methods are required that are discussed in separate chapters. A large part of this book is devoted to a structured survey of 101 different visualization techniques as a reference for scientists conducting related research as well as for practitioners seeking information on how their time-oriented data can best be visualized.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Knowledge Representation for Health Care, KR4HC 2014, held as part of the Vienna Summer of Logic, VSL 2014, in Vienna, Austria, in July 2014. The workshop aimed at attracting the interest of novel research and advances contributing in the definition, representation and exploitation of health care knowledge in medical informatics. The 12 revised full research papers and 4 short papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 26 submissions.

This book constitutes thoroughly refereed revised selected papers from the BPM 2012 Joint Workshop on Process-Oriented Information Systems and Knowledge Representation in Health Care, ProHealth 2012/KR4HC 2012, held in Tallinn, Estonia, in September 2012. The 9 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 19 submissions. In addition the book contains 1 keynote paper and 2 invited contributions. The papers are organized in topical sections named: guidelines and summarization; archetypes and cooperation; and process mining and temporal analysis.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International KR4HC 2011 workshop held in conjunction with the 13th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in medicine, AIME 2011, in Bled, Slovenia, in July 2011. The 11 extended papers presented together with 1 invited paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 22 submissions. The papers cover topics like health care knowledge sharing; health process; clinical practice guidelines; and patient records, ontologies, medical costs, and clinical trials.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the KR4HC 2010 workshop held at ECAI in Lisbon, Portugal, in August 2010. The 11 extended papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 19 submissions. The papers cover topics like ontologies, patient data, records, and guidelines, and clinical practice guidelines.

This bookis the resultof merging two workshopsseries, namely, oneon comp- erized guidelines and protocols and the other one on knowledge management for healthcareprocedures. Themergeresultedinthe KR4HCworkshop: Knowledge Representationfor HealthCare: Data, Processes, andGuidelines. This workshop was held in conjunction with the 12th Conference on Arti?cial Intelligence in Medicine (AIME 2009), in Verona, Italy. The book included, in addition to the full-length workshop papers, invited peer-reviewed advanced papers on lessons learned in these ?elds. The KR4HC workshop continued a line of successful guideline workshops held in 2000, 2004, 2006, 2007, and 2008. Following the success of the ?rst - ropean Workshop on Computerized Guidelines and Protocols held in Leipzig, Germany, in 2000, the Symposium on Computerized Guidelines and Protocols (CGP 2004) was organized in Prague, Czech Republic in 2004 to identify use cases for guideline-based applications in health care, computerized methods for supportingtheguidelinedevelopmentprocess, andpressingissuesandpromising approachesfordevelopingusableandmaintainablevehiclesforguidelinedelivery. In 2006 an ECAI 2006 workshop at Riva del Garda, Italy, entitled "AI Te- niques in Health Care: Evidence-BasedGuidelinesand Protocols"wasorganized to bring together researchers from di?erent branches of arti?cial intelligence to examine cutting-edge approaches to guideline modeling and development and to consider how di?erent communities can cooperate to address the challenges of computer-based guideline development.

The European Society for Arti?cial Intelligence in Medicine (AIME) was est- lishedin1986withtwomaingoals:1)tofosterfundamentalandappliedresearch in the application of Arti?cial Intelligence (AI) techniques to medical care and medical research, and 2) to providea forum at biennial conferences for reporting signi?cant results achieved. Additionally, AIME assists medical industrialists to identify newAItechniqueswithhighpotentialforintegrationintonewproducts. Amajoractivityofthissocietyhasbeenaseriesofinternationalconferencesheld biennially over the last 18 years: Marseilles, France (1987), London, UK (1989), Maastricht, Netherlands (1991), Munich, Germany (1993), Pavia, Italy (1995), Grenoble, France (1997), Aalborg, Denmark (1999), Cascais, Portugal (2001), Protaras, Cyprus (2003). The AIME conference provides a unique opportunity to present and improve the international state of the art of AI in medicine from both a research and an applications perspective. For this purpose, the AIME conference includes invited lectures, contributed papers, system demonstrations, a doctoral cons- tium, tutorials, and workshops. The present volume contains the proceedings of AIME 2005, the 10th conference on Arti?cial Intelligence in Medicine, held in Aberdeen, Scotland, July 23-27, 2005. In the AIME 2005 conference announcement, we encouraged authors to s- mit original contributions to the development of theory, techniques, and - plications of AI in medicine, including the evaluation of health care programs. Theoretical papers were to include presentation or analysis of the properties of novelAImethodologiespotentiallyusefultosolvingmedicalproblems.Technical papers were to describe the novelty of the proposed approach, its assumptions, bene?ts, and limitations compared with other alternative techniques. Appli- tion papers were to present su?cient information to allow the evaluation of the practical bene?ts of the proposed system or methodology

This is an open access book. Time is an exceptional dimension with high relevance in medicine, engineering, business, science, biography, history, planning, or project management. Understanding time-oriented data via visual representations enables us to learn from the past in order to predict, plan, and build the future. This second edition builds upon the great success of the first edition. It maintains a brief introduction to visualization and a review of historical time-oriented visual representations. At its core, the book develops a systematic view of the visualization of time-oriented data. Separate chapters discuss interaction techniques and computational methods for supporting the visual data analysis. Many examples and figures illustrate the introduced concepts and techniques. So, what is new for the second edition? First of all, the second edition is now published as an open-access book so that anyone interested in the visualization of time and time-oriented data can read it. Second, the entire content has been revised and expanded to represent state-of-the-art knowledge. The chapter on interaction support now includes advanced methods for interacting with visual representations of time-oriented data. The second edition also covers the topics of data quality as well as segmentation and labeling. The comprehensive survey of classic and contemporary visualization techniques now provides more than 150 self-contained descriptions accompanied by illustrations and corresponding references. A completely new chapter describes how the structured survey can be used for the guided selection of suitable visualization techniques. For the second edition, our TimeViz Browser, the digital pendant to the survey of visualization techniques, received a major upgrade. It includes the same set of techniques as the book, but comes with additional filter and search facilities allowing scientists and practitioners to find exactly the solutions they are interested in. 

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of two workshops held at the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, AIME 2015, held in Pavia, Italy, in June 2015: the 7th International Workshop on Knowledge Representation for Health Care, KR4HC 2015, and the 8th International Workshop on Process-oriented Information Systems in Healthcare, ProHealth 2015. The 10 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 26 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on knowledge-driven health IT and simulation, clinical guideline and clinical pathway support, mobile process and decision support, and health information systems and clinical data.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed papers from the BPM 2013 Joint Workshop on Process-Oriented Information Systems and Knowledge Representation in Health Care, KR4HC 2013/ProHealth 2013, held in Murcia, Spain, in June 2013. The 10 revised full papers presented together with 1 keynote paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 19 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on semantic interoperability in health care; modeling clinical guidelines; knowledge-based techniques for handling clinical data; and context aware services and guidance.