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Flip-flop is an electronic circuit that stores a logical state of
one or more data input signals in response to clock pulse.
Flip-flop are often used in computational circuits to operate in
selected sequences during recurring clock intervals to receive and
maintain data for a limited time period sufficient for other
circuits within a system to further process data. Flip-Flops are
critical timing elements in digital circuits and have a large
impact on circuit speed and power consumption. Consequently,
extensive research has been performed to develop fast and low-power
flip-flops. Recently, pulsed latch structures have emerged as the
fastest known flip-flop structures. Flip-flops are a fundamental
building block of digital electronics systems used in computers,
communications, and many other types of systems. A new flip-flop
design using a double-pulsed static latch is designed for
250-nanometer technology. This flip-flop consumes less power and
fewer transistors in the clock generator as compared with the
DPSCRFF (Double Pulsed Set Conditional Reset), which is one of the
fastest known flip-flops in literature.
Eupatorium adenophorum is considered to be a serious weed in
agriculture, especially in rangelands where it often replaces
either the more-desirable vegetation or native species, but also in
forests. Grazing animals get accidentally exposed to the plant
under scarcity conditions. A considerable variation between the
animal species exists in terms of susceptibility to toxicity due to
E. adenophorum. It is generally unpalatable to grazing animals, but
goats graze on this plant infrequently. It is fatally toxic to
horses and causes the "blowing disease" in Hawaii and "Numinbah
disease" or "Tollebudgera horse disease" in Australia.
Toxicopathological studies were taken up in Swiss albino mice, as a
model and the effects of the plant extract on hematological,
biochemical, gross pathological and histopathological parameters
were recorded. The plant extract was found to be highly hepatotoxic
in mice as evidenced by the changes in blood-biochemical, liver
enzyme activities, gross and histopathology of liver. The results
of the study suggest that the consumption of the extract of E.
adenophorum as medicinal purposes without proper dosing may produce
hepatotoxicity in humans.
This book offers an exhaustive and authentic account of integral
relationship of microbiology, biotechnology with environmental
science. Students from all these disciplines would find this book
as an authentic source of information and would be immensely
benefited. This book includes the matter required by both
undergraduate and postgraduate students including researchers, who
are genuinely interested in knowing the applied aspect of
microbiology, biotechnology particularly with reference to
Environmental issues. Since every chapter starts with a basic
concept of problems and issues, it easily enables the readers to
comprehend the subject in a lucid manner.
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